如何获取枚举的自定义属性值?

时间:2011-02-23 22:03:55

标签: c# .net reflection custom-attributes

我有一个枚举,其中每个成员都应用了自定义属性。如何检索存储在每个属性中的值?

现在我这样做:

var attributes = typeof ( EffectType ).GetCustomAttributes ( false );
foreach ( object attribute in attributes )
{
    GPUShaderAttribute attr = ( GPUShaderAttribute ) attribute;
    if ( attr != null )
        return attr.GPUShader;
}
return 0;

另一个问题是,如果找不到,我应该返回什么? 0是可以转换为任何枚举,对吧?这就是我回归的原因。

忘记提及,上面的代码为每个枚举成员返回0。

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:34)

当你必须使用反射时,做你想要做的事情有点麻烦:

public GPUShaderAttribute GetGPUShader(EffectType effectType)
{
    MemberInfo memberInfo = typeof(EffectType).GetMember(effectType.ToString())
                                              .FirstOrDefault();

    if (memberInfo != null)
    {
        GPUShaderAttribute attribute = (GPUShaderAttribute) 
                     memberInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(GPUShaderAttribute), false)
                               .FirstOrDefault();
        return attribute;
    }

    return null;
}

这将返回GPUShaderAttribute的实例,该实例与枚举值EffectType上标记的实例相关。您必须使用EffectType枚举的特定值来调用它:

GPUShaderAttribute attribute = GetGPUShader(EffectType.MyEffect);

获得属性的实例后,您可以从中获取在单个枚举值上标记的特定值。

答案 1 :(得分:34)

尝试使用通用方法

属性:

class DayAttribute : Attribute
{
    public string Name { get; private set; }

    public DayAttribute(string name)
    {
        this.Name = name;
    }
}

枚举:

enum Days
{
    [Day("Saturday")]
    Sat,
    [Day("Sunday")]
    Sun,
    [Day("Monday")]
    Mon, 
    [Day("Tuesday")]
    Tue,
    [Day("Wednesday")]
    Wed,
    [Day("Thursday")]
    Thu, 
    [Day("Friday")]
    Fri
}

通用方法:

        public static TAttribute GetAttribute<TAttribute>(this Enum value)
        where TAttribute : Attribute
    {
        var enumType = value.GetType();
        var name = Enum.GetName(enumType, value);
        return enumType.GetField(name).GetCustomAttributes(false).OfType<TAttribute>().SingleOrDefault();
    }

调用:

        static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var day = Days.Mon;
        Console.WriteLine(day.GetAttribute<DayAttribute>().Name);
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

结果:

周一

答案 2 :(得分:24)

还有另一种方法可以使用泛型:

public static T GetAttribute<T>(Enum enumValue) where T: Attribute
{
    T attribute;

    MemberInfo memberInfo = enumValue.GetType().GetMember(enumValue.ToString())
                                    .FirstOrDefault();

    if (memberInfo != null)
    {
        attribute = (T) memberInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof (T), false).FirstOrDefault();
        return attribute;
    }
    return null;
}

答案 3 :(得分:2)

我没试过这个,但看起来这篇博文描述了你在寻找什么: Enumeration attribute help

答案 4 :(得分:2)

假设GPUShaderAttribute

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field,AllowMultiple =false)]
public class GPUShaderAttribute: Attribute
{
    public GPUShaderAttribute(string value)
    {
        Value = value;
    }
    public string Value { get; internal set; }
}

然后,我们可以编写一些通用方法来返回枚举值和GPUShaderAttribute对象的字典。

    /// <summary>
    /// returns the attribute for a given enum
    /// </summary>        
    public static TAttribute GetAttribute<TAttribute>(IConvertible @enum)
    {
        TAttribute attributeValue = default(TAttribute);
        if (@enum != null)
        {
            FieldInfo fi = @enum.GetType().GetField(@enum.ToString());
            attributeValue = fi == null ? attributeValue : (TAttribute)fi.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute), false).DefaultIfEmpty(null).FirstOrDefault();

        }
        return attributeValue;
    }

然后使用此方法返回整个集合。

/// <summary>
/// Returns a dictionary of all the Enum fields with the attribute.
/// </summary>
public static Dictionary<Enum, RAttribute> GetEnumObjReference<TEnum, RAttribute>()
{
    Dictionary<Enum, RAttribute> _dict = new Dictionary<Enum, RAttribute>();
    Type enumType = typeof(TEnum);
    Type enumUnderlyingType = Enum.GetUnderlyingType(enumType);
    Array enumValues = Enum.GetValues(enumType);
    foreach (Enum enumValue in enumValues)
    {
        _dict.Add(enumValue, GetAttribute<RAttribute>(enumValue));
    }

    return _dict;
}

如果您只想要一个字符串值,我建议您使用一条稍微不同的路由。

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the string value of the custom attribute property requested.
    /// </summary>
    public static string GetAttributeValue<TAttribute>(IConvertible @enum, string propertyName = "Value")
    {
        TAttribute attribute = GetAttribute<TAttribute>(@enum);
        return attribute == null ? null : attribute.GetType().GetProperty(propertyName).GetValue(attribute).ToString();

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns a dictionary of all the Enum fields with the string of the property from the custom attribute nulls default to the enumName
    /// </summary>
    public static Dictionary<Enum, string> GetEnumStringReference<TEnum, RAttribute>(string propertyName = "Value")
    {
        Dictionary<Enum, string> _dict = new Dictionary<Enum, string>();
        Type enumType = typeof(TEnum);
        Type enumUnderlyingType = Enum.GetUnderlyingType(enumType);
        Array enumValues = Enum.GetValues(enumType);
        foreach (Enum enumValue in enumValues)
        {
            string enumName = Enum.GetName(typeof(TEnum), enumValue);
            string decoratorValue = Common.GetAttributeValue<RAttribute>(enumValue, propertyName) ?? enumName;
            _dict.Add(enumValue, decoratorValue);
        }

        return _dict;
    }

答案 5 :(得分:0)

我想出了另一种方法来找到目标枚举值的FieldInfo元素。通过将枚举值转换为字符串来查找枚举值感觉不对,所以我选择了使用LINQ检查字段列表:

Type enumType = value.GetType();
FieldInfo[] fields = enumType.GetFields();
FieldInfo fi = fields.Where(tField =>
    tField.IsLiteral &&
    tField.GetValue(null).Equals(value)
    ).First();

所以我都迷糊了:

    public static TAttribute GetAttribute<TAttribute>(this Enum value) 
        where TAttribute : Attribute
    {

        Type enumType = value.GetType();
        FieldInfo[] fields = enumType.GetFields();
        FieldInfo fi = fields.Where(tField =>
            tField.IsLiteral &&
            tField.GetValue(null).Equals(value)
            ).First();

        // If we didn't get, return null
        if (fi == null) return null;

        // We found the element (which we always should in an enum)
        // return the attribute if it exists.
        return (TAttribute)(fi.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(TAttribute)));
    }

答案 6 :(得分:0)

public string GetEnumAttributeValue(Enum enumValue, Type attributeType, string attributePropertyName)
        {
            /* New generic version (GetEnumDescriptionAttribute results can be achieved using this new GetEnumAttribute with a call like (enumValue, typeof(DescriptionAttribute), "Description")
             * Extracts a given attribute value from an enum:
             *
             * Ex:
             * public enum X
             * {
                     [MyAttribute(myProp = "aaaa")]
             *       x1,
             *       x2,
             *       [Description("desc")]
             *       x3
             * }
             *
             * Usage:
             *      GetEnumAttribute(X.x1, typeof(MyAttribute), "myProp") returns "aaaa"
             *      GetEnumAttribute(X.x2, typeof(MyAttribute), "myProp") returns string.Empty
             *      GetEnumAttribute(X.x3, typeof(DescriptionAttribute), "Description") returns "desc"
             */

            var attributeObj = enumValue.GetType()?.GetMember(enumValue.ToString())?.FirstOrDefault()?.GetCustomAttributes(attributeType, false)?.FirstOrDefault();

            if (attributeObj == null)
                return string.Empty;
            else
            {
                try
                {
                    var attributeCastedObj = Convert.ChangeType(attributeObj, attributeType);
                    var attributePropertyValue = attributeType.GetProperty(attributePropertyName)?.GetValue(attributeCastedObj);
                    return attributePropertyValue?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    return string.Empty;
                }
            }
        }