我正在尝试学习kubernetes，并且已经成功在裸机上建立了一个集群（1节点），部署了服务并通过入口公开了它。
我尝试实现traefik，让我们加密证书，但是我无法使其正常工作，并且在调试时我发现我的DNS服务无法正常工作（39次重新启动）。
我认为我会尝试重新开始，因为我一直在玩耍，并且尝试用法兰绒代替印花布。
我现在有一个由以下命令创建的集群：
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
使用以下命令测试DNS会出现错误：
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/master/content/en/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/busybox.yaml
kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup kubernetes.default
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
nslookup: can't resolve 'kubernetes.default'
command terminated with exit code 1
通过调查Pod上的状态，我发现dns Pod正在重新启动
kubectl get po --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default busybox 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-system etcd-kubernetes-master 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-system kube-apiserver-kubernetes-master 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-kubernetes-master 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-system kube-dns-86f4d74b45-8tgff 3/3 Running 2 25m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-6cd9h 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-h78ld 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-system kube-proxy-95kkd 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-system kube-proxy-lq7hx 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-system kube-scheduler-kubernetes-master 1/1 Running 0 15m
DNS pod日志显示以下内容：
kubectl logs kube-dns-86f4d74b45-8tgff dnsmasq -n kube-system
I0621 08:41:51.414587 1 main.go:76] opts: {{/usr/sbin/dnsmasq [-k --cache-size=1000 --no-negcache --log-facility=- --server=/cluster.local/127.0.0.1#10053 --server=/in-addr.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053 --server=/ip6.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053] true} /etc/k8s/dns/dnsmasq-nanny 10000000000}
I0621 08:41:51.414709 1 nanny.go:94] Starting dnsmasq [-k --cache-size=1000 --no-negcache --log-facility=- --server=/cluster.local/127.0.0.1#10053 --server=/in-addr.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053 --server=/ip6.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053]
I0621 08:41:52.255053 1 nanny.go:119]
W0621 08:41:52.255074 1 nanny.go:120] Got EOF from stdout
I0621 08:41:52.256152 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: started, version 2.78 cachesize 1000
I0621 08:41:52.256216 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt no-DBus no-i18n no-IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP no-conntrack ipset auth no-DNSSEC loop-detect inotify
I0621 08:41:52.256245 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.1#10053 for domain ip6.arpa
I0621 08:41:52.256260 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.1#10053 for domain in-addr.arpa
I0621 08:41:52.256275 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.1#10053 for domain cluster.local
I0621 08:41:52.256320 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: reading /etc/resolv.conf
I0621 08:41:52.256335 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.1#10053 for domain ip6.arpa
I0621 08:41:52.256350 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.1#10053 for domain in-addr.arpa
I0621 08:41:52.256365 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.1#10053 for domain cluster.local
I0621 08:41:52.256379 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: using nameserver 127.0.0.53#53
I0621 08:41:52.256432 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: read /etc/hosts - 7 addresses
I0621 08:50:43.727968 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:50:53.750313 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:51:03.879573 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:51:13.887735 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:51:23.957996 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:51:34.016679 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:51:43.032107 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:51:53.076274 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:52:03.359643 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:52:13.434993 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:52:23.497330 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:52:33.591295 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:52:43.639024 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:52:53.681231 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:53:03.717874 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:53:13.794725 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:53:23.877015 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
I0621 08:53:33.974114 1 nanny.go:116] dnsmasq[10]: Maximum number of concurrent DNS queries reached (max: 150)
kubectl logs kube-dns-86f4d74b45-8tgff sidecar -n kube-system
I0621 08:41:57.464915 1 main.go:51] Version v1.14.8
I0621 08:41:57.464987 1 server.go:45] Starting server (options {DnsMasqPort:53 DnsMasqAddr:127.0.0.1 DnsMasqPollIntervalMs:5000 Probes:[{Label:kubedns Server:127.0.0.1:10053 Name:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local. Interval:5s Type:33} {Label:dnsmasq Server:127.0.0.1:53 Name:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local. Interval:5s Type:33}] PrometheusAddr:0.0.0.0 PrometheusPort:10054 PrometheusPath:/metrics PrometheusNamespace:kubedns})
I0621 08:41:57.465029 1 dnsprobe.go:75] Starting dnsProbe {Label:kubedns Server:127.0.0.1:10053 Name:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local. Interval:5s Type:33}
I0621 08:41:57.468630 1 dnsprobe.go:75] Starting dnsProbe {Label:dnsmasq Server:127.0.0.1:53 Name:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local. Interval:5s Type:33}
W0621 08:50:46.832282 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:37437->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:50:55.772310 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:57714->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:02.779876 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:38592->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:09.795385 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:39941->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:16.798735 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:41457->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:23.802617 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:45709->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:30.822081 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:37072->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:37.826914 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:49924->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:51.093275 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:51194->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:51:58.203965 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:35781->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:06.423002 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:42763->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:16.455821 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:36143->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:23.496199 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:44195->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:30.500081 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:48733->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:37.519339 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:39179->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:51.695822 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:51821->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:52:58.739133 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:46358->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:06.823714 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:49103->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:16.866975 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:52782->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:23.869540 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:52495->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:30.882626 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:56134->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:37.886811 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:55489->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:46.023614 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:58523->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:53:53.034985 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:56026->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:54:00.041734 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:42093->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:54:07.050864 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:58731->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:54:14.053858 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:34062->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:54:21.076986 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:44293->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:54:28.080808 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:42738->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
W0621 08:54:41.423864 1 server.go:64] Error getting metrics from dnsmasq: read udp 127.0.0.1:58715->127.0.0.1:53: i/o timeout
dns似乎以某种方式被发送了垃圾邮件，但是我不知道该如何处理。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
根据https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/272#issuecomment-355386674，这可能是由于与其他系统服务（例如systemd-resolved.service和resolveconf.service）的冲突引起的。我的建议是：
如果这不起作用，那么下一步将是检查哪个吊舱正在向kube-dns发送大量请求。从这个意义上讲，像tcpdump这样的东西可能会有所帮助。查看此指南：https://github.com/coreos/docs/issues/802#issuecomment-215196547
答案 1 :(得分：1)
深入研究Javier的答案，我在这里找到了解决问题的方法： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues/787
以下是解决该问题所需的命令：
sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
sudo ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf