解析文件名并使用特定顺序重命名

时间:2018-06-18 20:12:52

标签: bash parsing rename

我在目录中有很多tiff个文件,必须重命名,但是有数百个,所以它很麻烦。文件看起来像这样:

basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0004_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0005_-6.0.mrc 
basefilename_0006_6.0.mrc 
etc...

我需要做的就是更改文件名的中间部分,以便将前41个.mrc文件更改为:

basefilename_0001_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_-6.0.mrc 
basefilename_0001_6.0.mrc 
etc.

和第二批41 .mrc个文件:

basefilename_0043_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0044_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0045_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0046_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0047_6.0.mrc

将重命名为

basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_-6.0.mrc 
basefilename_0002_6.0.mrc 
etc.

所以基本上我必须在"basefilename_"之后和下一个"_"之前进行解析并重命名,以便数字不是上升而只是0001.但是我有数百个,我需要确保每个mrc个文件在basefile名称之后和下一个描述之前都是相同的数字。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

实际上,您可以使用bash本身提供的本机工具执行所需的操作,而无需依赖任何需要生成单独的子shell的单独实用程序。 Bash提供了参数扩展和子字符串替换,您可以使用它用所需的新文本替换_????_之间的文本(例如0001,...)。

Bash还提供了printf -v var,使您可以灵活地man 3 print进行格式化,同时可以将格式化后的输出保存在var中。因此,例如,如果我有一个值1,我想将其格式化为0001并将其存储在变量blkno中,这很简单,就是printf -v "%04d" '1'。 / p>

将其与一个简单的计数器结合,然后使用提供的bash modulo运算符,您可以执行以下操作:

#!/bin/bash

ext=${1:-mrc}                           ## extension of files to select
declare -i blksz=${2:-41} cnt=0 blk=1   ## files per-block, counters
printf -v blkno "%04d" $blk             ## format 1st blk as 0001

for i in *.$ext; do                     ## loop over each file with extension
    ## test output showing what would be moved, to new name
    printf "mv %-28s %s\n" "$i" "${i/_*_/_${blkno}_}"
    ## mv "$i" "${i/_*_/_${blkno}_}"    ## (uncomment for actual move)
    (((cnt+1) % blksz == 0)) && {       ## check if blksz output
        ((blk++))                       ## increment blk number
        printf -v blkno "%04d" $blk     ## format as 4-digit w/leading zeros
    }
    ((cnt++))                           ## increment count
done

请注意,脚本以循环扩展的文件扩展名(默认为.mrc)和默认情况下每个块41中要包含的文件数为第一个参数。

示例输入文件

我没有您的确切文件,因此我生成了类似的内容,例如带有循环和touch

basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0004_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0005_6.0.mrc
basefilename_0006_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0007_9.0.mrc
basefilename_0008_-9.0.mrc
basefilename_0009_12.0.mrc
basefilename_0010_-12.0.mrc
basefilename_0011_15.0.mrc
basefilename_0012_-15.0.mrc
basefilename_0013_18.0.mrc
basefilename_0014_-18.0.mrc
basefilename_0015_21.0.mrc
basefilename_0016_-21.0.mrc
basefilename_0017_24.0.mrc
basefilename_0018_-24.0.mrc
basefilename_0019_27.0.mrc
basefilename_0020_-27.0.mrc
basefilename_0021_30.0.mrc
basefilename_0022_-30.0.mrc
basefilename_0023_33.0.mrc
basefilename_0024_-33.0.mrc
basefilename_0025_36.0.mrc
basefilename_0026_-36.0.mrc
basefilename_0027_39.0.mrc
basefilename_0028_-39.0.mrc
basefilename_0029_42.0.mrc
basefilename_0030_-42.0.mrc
basefilename_0031_45.0.mrc
basefilename_0032_-45.0.mrc
basefilename_0033_48.0.mrc
basefilename_0034_-48.0.mrc
basefilename_0035_51.0.mrc
basefilename_0036_-51.0.mrc
basefilename_0037_54.0.mrc
basefilename_0038_-54.0.mrc
basefilename_0039_57.0.mrc
basefilename_0040_-57.0.mrc
basefilename_0041_60.0.mrc
basefilename_0042_-60.0.mrc
basefilename_0043_0.0.mrc
basefilename_0044_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0045_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0046_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0047_6.0.mrc
basefilename_0048_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0049_9.0.mrc
basefilename_0050_-9.0.mrc
basefilename_0051_12.0.mrc
basefilename_0052_-12.0.mrc
basefilename_0053_15.0.mrc
basefilename_0054_-15.0.mrc
basefilename_0055_18.0.mrc
basefilename_0056_-18.0.mrc
basefilename_0057_21.0.mrc
basefilename_0058_-21.0.mrc
basefilename_0059_24.0.mrc
basefilename_0060_-24.0.mrc
basefilename_0061_27.0.mrc
basefilename_0062_-27.0.mrc
basefilename_0063_30.0.mrc
basefilename_0064_-30.0.mrc
basefilename_0065_33.0.mrc
basefilename_0066_-33.0.mrc
basefilename_0067_36.0.mrc
basefilename_0068_-36.0.mrc
basefilename_0069_39.0.mrc
basefilename_0070_-39.0.mrc
basefilename_0071_42.0.mrc
basefilename_0072_-42.0.mrc
basefilename_0073_45.0.mrc
basefilename_0074_-45.0.mrc
basefilename_0075_48.0.mrc
basefilename_0076_-48.0.mrc
basefilename_0077_51.0.mrc
basefilename_0078_-51.0.mrc
basefilename_0079_54.0.mrc
basefilename_0080_-54.0.mrc
basefilename_0081_57.0.mrc
basefilename_0082_-57.0.mrc
basefilename_0083_60.0.mrc
basefilename_0084_-60.0.mrc
basefilename_0085_0.0.mrc
basefilename_0086_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0087_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0088_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0089_6.0.mrc
basefilename_0090_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0091_9.0.mrc
basefilename_0092_-9.0.mrc
basefilename_0093_12.0.mrc
basefilename_0094_-12.0.mrc
basefilename_0095_15.0.mrc
basefilename_0096_-15.0.mrc
basefilename_0097_18.0.mrc
basefilename_0098_-18.0.mrc
basefilename_0099_21.0.mrc
basefilename_0100_-21.0.mrc

使用/输出示例

注释:注释了实际移动mv行,以允许您测试脚本并根据需要进行调整,然后执行实际移动。如果满意,请取消注释以mv开头的行。

脚本输出已移动的文件,文件的原始文件名和新文件名,例如

mv basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_-0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc    basefilename_0001_3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0004_-3.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_-3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0005_6.0.mrc    basefilename_0001_6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0006_-6.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_-6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0007_9.0.mrc    basefilename_0001_9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0008_-9.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_-9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0009_12.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0010_-12.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0011_15.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0012_-15.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0013_18.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0014_-18.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0015_21.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0016_-21.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0017_24.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0018_-24.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0019_27.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0020_-27.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0021_30.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0022_-30.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0023_33.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0024_-33.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0025_36.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0026_-36.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0027_39.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0028_-39.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0029_42.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0030_-42.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0031_45.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0032_-45.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0033_48.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0034_-48.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0035_51.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0036_-51.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0037_54.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0038_-54.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0039_57.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0040_-57.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0041_60.0.mrc   basefilename_0001_60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0042_-60.0.mrc  basefilename_0001_-60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0043_0.0.mrc    basefilename_0002_0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0044_-0.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0045_3.0.mrc    basefilename_0002_3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0046_-3.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_-3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0047_6.0.mrc    basefilename_0002_6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0048_-6.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_-6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0049_9.0.mrc    basefilename_0002_9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0050_-9.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_-9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0051_12.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0052_-12.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0053_15.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0054_-15.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0055_18.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0056_-18.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0057_21.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0058_-21.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0059_24.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0060_-24.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0061_27.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0062_-27.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0063_30.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0064_-30.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0065_33.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0066_-33.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0067_36.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0068_-36.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0069_39.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0070_-39.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0071_42.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0072_-42.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0073_45.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0074_-45.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0075_48.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0076_-48.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0077_51.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0078_-51.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0079_54.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0080_-54.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0081_57.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0082_-57.0.mrc  basefilename_0002_-57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0083_60.0.mrc   basefilename_0002_60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0084_-60.0.mrc  basefilename_0003_-60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0085_0.0.mrc    basefilename_0003_0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0086_-0.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_-0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0087_3.0.mrc    basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0088_-3.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_-3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0089_6.0.mrc    basefilename_0003_6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0090_-6.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_-6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0091_9.0.mrc    basefilename_0003_9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0092_-9.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_-9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0093_12.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0094_-12.0.mrc  basefilename_0003_-12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0095_15.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0096_-15.0.mrc  basefilename_0003_-15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0097_18.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0098_-18.0.mrc  basefilename_0003_-18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0099_21.0.mrc   basefilename_0003_21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0100_-21.0.mrc  basefilename_0003_-21.0.mrc

仔细检查一下,如果还有其他问题,请告诉我。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

我确信有比下面的shell脚本更好的方法来获得你想要的东西,但是假设文件按需要排序,那么类似下面的东西应该有效:

event

上面的#!/bin/bash set -e count=1 index=1 for p in *.mrc; do if expr $count == 42 > /dev/null; then index=`expr $index + 1` count=1 else count=`expr $count + 1` fi mv $p `echo $p | sed -e "s/\(.*_\)\([0-9]*\)\(_.*\)/\1000${index}\3/"` done 命令会将文件名sed分成三个在转义的括号对$p之间找到的部分:

  • 基本文件名(例如\( ... \)),保留在foo_
  • 您要修改的中心数字,替换为\1,其中000${index}扩展为${index}第一组41个文件,1第二组,等等。 ,和
  • 后缀(例如2),保留在_3.0.mrc

这不是一个非常强大的实现,因为如果\3变得大于00023,你最终会得到像$index这样的中心数字,但我认为你可以实现自己的实现。

您也可以使用Bash字符串操作内置代替9。请参阅Section 10.1 Manipulating Strings中的Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide