Android Room - 在每次应用运行时重置自动生成的密钥

时间:2018-06-15 15:34:59

标签: android android-sqlite auto-increment android-room

我正在使用Room来保存数据。 我有一个实体,它有一个自动生成的(autoGenerate)主键,模仿票务系统。

实体:

@Entity
public class SequenceAction {

    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private Integer sequenceId;
    private String actionType;
    private String extraInfo;
    //getters&setters
}

初​​始化:

sequenceAction = new SequenceAction();
sequenceAction.setActionType(COLLECT_ALL);
sequenceAction.setExtraInfo("id = " + ids.get(i));
//run this line with executer(sequenceId is automatically set on insert to table):
AppDatabase.getInstance(getContext()).sequenceActionDao().save(sequenceAction);

在每次运行应用程序时,我都需要此键从0开始

我使用AppDatabase.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).clearAllTables();以便在退出时清除表格,但是不会重置密钥起始索引,而是从上次运行时停止的位置开始。

我还没有找到使用Room的方法,所以我尝试使用SimpleSQLiteQuery来做到这一点:

new SimpleSQLiteQuery("...query...");

在我的Dao中传递给RawQuery方法:

@RawQuery() Integer init(SimpleSQLiteQuery query);

我已经尝试了下一个查询:

  1. "ALTER TABLE SequenceAction AUTO_INCREMENT = 0"
  2. 我收到错误(我尝试使用' AUTOINCREMENT',同样的错误):

      

    android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException:near" AUTO_INCREMENT&#34 ;:语法错误(代码1):,编译时:ALTER TABLE SequenceAction AUTO_INCREMENT = 0

    可能因为,this question/answer状态,SQLite中没有自动增量关键字,而是声明为INTEGER PRIMARY KEY的列将自动自动增量。

    1. "delete from sqlite_sequence where name='SequenceAction'"
    2. 没有错误,但索引也没有重置。

      1. 根据建议here

        "UPDATE SQLITE_SEQUENCE SET seq = -1 WHERE name = 'SequenceAction'"

      2. 没有错误,但没有效果。

        1. "TRUNCATE TABLE 'SequenceAction';"
        2. 错误(可能是因为SQLite doesn't support the TRUNCATE command):

            

          android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException:near" TRUNCATE&#34 ;:语法错误(代码1):,编译时:TRUNCATE TABLE' SequenceAction';

          1. 所以...最后一次尝试:DELETE FROM SequenceAction
          2. 没有错误,没有效果。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

  

为了在退出时清除表格,但这不会重置密钥   起始索引,而不是从最后一次运行中停止的位置开始。

...

  

"从sqlite_sequence中删除,其中name =' Sequence Action'"没错   但是,索引也没有重置。

您必须同时删除 SequenceAction 表中的所有行,并从sqlite_sequence中删除相应的行。

也就是说,当使用AUTOINCREMENT关键字时,则使用不同的算法。这与以下几行有关: -

找到最高值   - a)sqlite_sequence数字中表的值存储和   - b)最高的rowid值

另一种方法是不使用AUTOINCREMENT关键字,而只使用?? INTEGER PRIMARY KEY(其中??代表列名)。

你仍然会有一个唯一的id,它是rowid coulmn的别名,但不能保证它会一直增加。 AUTOINCREMENT确保增加唯一ID,但不保证单调增加的唯一rowid。

  

在每次运行应用程序时,我都需要此键从0开始。

但是,SQLite会将第一个值设置为1而不是0。

以下工作正常,正如您所看到的AUTOINCREMENT(虽然有点黑客): -

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS SequenceAction;
DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS use_zero_as_first_sequence;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS SequenceAction (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, otherdata TEXT);
CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS use_zero_as_first_sequence AFTER INSERT ON SequenceAction
    BEGIN 
        UPDATE SequenceAction SET id = id - 1 WHERE id = new.id;
    END
;
INSERT INTO SequenceAction VALUES(null,'TEST1'),(null,'TEST2'),(null,'TEST3');
SELECT * FROM SequenceAction;
-- RESET and RESTART FROM 0
DELETE FROM SequenceAction;
DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name = 'SequenceAction';
INSERT INTO SequenceAction VALUES(null,'TEST4'),(null,'TEST5'),(null,'TEST6');
SELECT * FROM SequenceAction
  • 2 DROP语句仅用于测试删除和重新定义。

这导致: -

第一个返回的查询: -

enter image description here

和第二次回归: -

enter image description here

所以从本质上说你想要: -

DELETE FROM SequenceAction;
DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name = 'SequenceAction';

如果您希望编号从0而不是1开始,还可以触发。

或者,如果您取消了AUTOINCREMENT,那么您可以使用略微更改的触发器: -

CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS use_zero_as_first_sequence 
    AFTER INSERT ON SequenceAction 
    WHEN (SELECT count() FROM SequenceAction) = 1
    BEGIN 
        UPDATE SequenceAction SET id = 0;
    END
;
  • 这只是重新编号第一个插入的行(算法然后为后续插入添加1)

然后只需从SequenceAction表中删除所有行,即可重置编号。

使用房间的示例: -

根据您的代码以及上面的示例,以下方法似乎有效: -

private void resetSequenceAction() {
    SQLiteDatabase dbx;
    String sqlite_sequence_table = "sqlite_sequence";
    long initial_sacount;
    long post_sacount;
    long initial_ssn =0;
    long post_ssn = 0;
    Cursor csr;

    /*
        Need to Create Database and table if it doesn't exist
     */
    File f = this.getDatabasePath(TestDatabase.DBNAME);
    if (!f.exists()) {
        File d = new File(this.getDatabasePath(TestDatabase.DBNAME).getParent());
        d.mkdirs();
        dbx = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(f,null);
        String crtsql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + SequenceAction.tablename + "(" +
                SequenceAction.id_column + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," +
                SequenceAction.actionType_column + " TEXT," +
                SequenceAction.extraInfo_column + " TEXT" +
                ")";
        dbx.execSQL(crtsql);
        /*
           Might as well create the Trigger as well
         */
        String triggerSql = "CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS user_zero_as_first_rowid AFTER INSERT ON " +
                SequenceAction.tablename +
                " BEGIN " +
                " UPDATE " + SequenceAction.tablename +
                " SET " +
                SequenceAction.id_column + " = " + SequenceAction.id_column + " - 1 " +
                " WHERE " + SequenceAction.id_column + " = new." + SequenceAction.id_column + ";" +
                " END ";
        dbx.execSQL(triggerSql);

    } else {
        dbx = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(this.getDatabasePath(TestDatabase.DBNAME).getPath(),null, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    }

    /*
        Add trigger to set id's to 1 less than they were set to
     */
    initial_sacount = DatabaseUtils.queryNumEntries(dbx,SequenceAction.tablename);
    /*
        Delete all the rows at startup
     */
    String deleteAllSequenceIdRowsSql = "DELETE FROM " + SequenceAction.tablename;
    dbx.execSQL(deleteAllSequenceIdRowsSql);
    post_sacount = DatabaseUtils.queryNumEntries(dbx,SequenceAction.tablename);
    /*
        delete the sequence row from the sqlite_sequence table
     */
    csr = dbx.query(sqlite_sequence_table,
            new String[]{"seq"},"name=?",
            new String[]{SequenceAction.tablename},
            null,null,null
    );
    if (csr.moveToFirst()) {
        initial_ssn = csr.getLong(csr.getColumnIndex("seq"));
    }
    String deleteSqlLiteSequenceRow = "DELETE FROM " +
            sqlite_sequence_table +
            " WHERE name = '" + SequenceAction.tablename + "'";
    dbx.execSQL(deleteSqlLiteSequenceRow);
    csr = dbx.query(
            sqlite_sequence_table,
            new String[]{"seq"},
            "name=?",
            new String[]{SequenceAction.tablename},
            null,null,null
    );
    if (csr.moveToFirst()) {
        post_ssn = csr.getLong(csr.getColumnIndex("seq"));
    }
    csr.close();
    Log.d("SEQACTSTATS",
            "Initial Rowcount=" + String.valueOf(initial_sacount) +
                    " Initial Seq#=" + String.valueOf(initial_ssn) +
                    " Post Delete Rowcount =" + String.valueOf(post_sacount) +
                    " Post Delete Seq#=" + String.valueOf(post_ssn)
    );
    dbx.close();
}

初始运行的结果(即没有DB存在): -

D/SEQACTSTATS: Initial Rowcount=0 Initial Seq#=0 Post Delete Rowcount =0 Post Delete Seq#=0

从后续运行(添加40行后): -

D/SEQACTSTATS: Initial Rowcount=40 Initial Seq#=40 Post Delete Rowcount =0 Post Delete Seq#=0

添加一个列出所有行的方法,按照: -

private void listAllRows() {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            salist = mTestDB.SequenceActionDaoAccess().getAll();
            getSequenceActionList(salist);
        }
    }).start();
}

同时: -

@Override
public void getSequenceActionList(List<SequenceAction> sequenceActionList) {
    for (SequenceAction sa: sequenceActionList) {
        Log.d("SA","ID=" + String.valueOf(sa.getSequenceId()) + " AT=" + sa.getActionType() + " EI=" + sa.getExtraInfo());
    }
}

结果(第一行为ID=0 AT=X0 EI=Y0,即第一行的 ID 0 ): -

06-17 02:56:47.867 5526-5554/rt_mjt.roomtest D/SA: ID=0 AT=X0 EI=Y0
    ID=1 AT=X0 EI=Y0
    ID=2 AT=X0 EI=Y0
    ID=3 AT=X0 EI=Y0
    ID=4 AT=X1 EI=Y1
    ID=5 AT=X1 EI=Y1
    ID=6 AT=X1 EI=Y1
    ID=7 AT=X1 EI=Y1
06-17 02:56:47.868 5526-5554/rt_mjt.roomtest D/SA: ID=8 AT=X2 EI=Y2
    ID=9 AT=X2 EI=Y2
    ID=10 AT=X2 EI=Y2
    ID=11 AT=X2 EI=Y2
    ID=12 AT=X3 EI=Y3
    ID=13 AT=X3 EI=Y3
    ID=14 AT=X3 EI=Y3
    ID=15 AT=X3 EI=Y3
    ID=16 AT=X4 EI=Y4
06-17 02:56:47.869 5526-5554/rt_mjt.roomtest D/SA: ID=17 AT=X4 EI=Y4
    ID=18 AT=X4 EI=Y4
    ID=19 AT=X4 EI=Y4
    ID=20 AT=X5 EI=Y5
    ID=21 AT=X5 EI=Y5
    ID=22 AT=X5 EI=Y5
    ID=23 AT=X5 EI=Y5
    ID=24 AT=X6 EI=Y6
    ID=25 AT=X6 EI=Y6
    ID=26 AT=X6 EI=Y6
    ID=27 AT=X6 EI=Y6
06-17 02:56:47.870 5526-5554/rt_mjt.roomtest D/SA: ID=28 AT=X7 EI=Y7
    ID=29 AT=X7 EI=Y7
    ID=30 AT=X7 EI=Y7
    ID=31 AT=X7 EI=Y7
    ID=32 AT=X8 EI=Y8
    ID=33 AT=X8 EI=Y8
    ID=34 AT=X8 EI=Y8
    ID=35 AT=X8 EI=Y8
    ID=36 AT=X9 EI=Y9
    ID=37 AT=X9 EI=Y9
    ID=38 AT=X9 EI=Y9
    ID=39 AT=X9 EI=Y9
  • 注意结果可能很奇怪,因为多个线程在没有控制/排序的情况下运行。

使用的addSomeData方法是: -

private void addSomeData() {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            SequenceAction sa = new SequenceAction();
            for (int i=0; i < 10; i++) {
                sa.setSequenceId(0);
                sa.setActionType("X" + String.valueOf(i));
                sa.setExtraInfo("Y" + String.valueOf(i));
                mTestDB.SequenceActionDaoAccess().insertSingleRow(sa);
            }
        }
    }) .start();
}

补充评论: -

  

&#34;我相信你必须在房间之前进入......&#34; - 你的意思是执行   在实例化Room之前清除正在运行的索引的SQL   数据库? - ghosh

     

不一定是在Room之前   在您尝试对其执行任何操作之前打开数据库。   添加了调用代码(在Overidden activities onStart()方法中)   有一些房间Db访问addSomeData后立即调用。 -   MikeT

这是一个在RoomDatabase实例化之后但在用于访问/打开数据库之前调用resetSequenceAction方法的示例(addSomeData打开已经实例化的数据库并插入10行): -

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    mTestDB = Room.databaseBuilder(this,TestDatabase.class,TestDatabase.DBNAME).build(); //<<<< Room DB instantiated
    resetSequenceAction(); //<<<< reset the sequence (adding trigger if needed)
    addSomeData(); // This will be the first access open
    addSomeData();
    addSomeData();
    addSomeData();
    listAllRows();

答案 1 :(得分:1)

尝试了许多方法之后。终于这对我有用了!

public static void truncateTable(Context context, SupportSQLiteOpenHelper openHelper, String tableName) {
            SQLiteDatabase database = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(
                    context.getDatabasePath(openHelper.getDatabaseName()),
                    null
            );

            if (database != null) {
                database.execSQL(String.format("DELETE FROM %s;", tableName));
                database.execSQL("UPDATE sqlite_sequence SET seq = 0 WHERE name = ?;", new String[]{tableName});
            }
        }

实施:

truncateTable(getContext(), yourRoomDatabase.getOpenHelper(), "your_table_name");

答案 2 :(得分:0)

您可以创建in memory database而不是在磁盘上创建它。然后你每次都会以一块干净的石板开始。您可能希望根据BuildConfig.DEBUG的值创建基于内存或磁盘的数据库。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

MikeT的内容作为模型。

我认为这可行:

        fun clearAndResetAllTables(): Boolean {
        if (db == null) return false

        // reset all auto-incrementalValues
        val query = SimpleSQLiteQuery("DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence")

        db!!.beginTransaction()
        return try {
            db!!.clearAllTables()
            db!!.query(query)
            db!!.setTransactionSuccessful()
            true
        } catch (e: Exception){
            false
        } finally {
            db!!.endTransaction()
        }
    }