Question

我有两个表通过公共ID列链接，如下所示：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS names (
    uid BIGSERIAL,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (uid)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS texts (
    name_uid BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES names,
    timestamp TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
    some_value TEXT NULL
);

在这里我们有一些数据可供使用：

INSERT INTO names VALUES ( 0, '1/a' );
INSERT INTO names VALUES ( 1, '1/b' );
INSERT INTO names VALUES ( 2, '2/c' );
INSERT INTO names VALUES ( 3, '3/d' );
INSERT INTO names VALUES ( 4, '3/e' );
INSERT INTO names VALUES ( 5, '3/f' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 0, '2018-01-01 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 1, '2018-01-02 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 2, '2018-02-01 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 2, '2018-02-02 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 3, '2018-03-01 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 3, '2018-06-01 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 4, '2018-06-02 00:00:00', 'text...' );
INSERT INTO texts VALUES ( 5, '2018-06-03 00:00:00', 'text...' );

我现在需要的是应用以下逻辑规则

根据表名中列名称的SIMILAR TO模式选择names.uid和names.name，并按前缀对其进行分组
从名称中选择的行：从文本中获取最新的时间戳条目（无论何时出现）
对于名称中的选定行：计算表格文本中具有特定名称前缀的对应行，这些行在特定日期之后

这可以通过以下查询来实现：

SELECT substring(names.name, '[^/]+' ) AS name_prefix, COALESCE( sum( text_counts.count ), 0) AS counter, max(text_timestamps.timestamp) AS timestamp
FROM names
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT texts.name_uid, count(*)
    FROM texts
    WHERE texts.timestamp > '2018-05-01 00:00:00'
    GROUP BY texts.name_uid
) text_counts ON text_counts.name_uid = names.uid
LEFT JOIN(
    SELECT texts.name_uid, max(texts.timestamp) AS timestamp
    FROM texts
    GROUP BY texts.name_uid
) text_timestamps ON text_timestamps.name_uid = names.uid
WHERE names.name SIMILAR TO '1%|3%'
GROUP BY name_prefix

但是，此查询速度很慢。所以我试图提出一个更好的解决方案，但到目前为止失败了。我得到的是：

SELECT name_info.name_prefix, count(*) AS counter, max(timestamp) AS timestamp
FROM texts
RIGHT JOIN (
    SELECT names.uid, substring(names.name, '[^/]+' ) AS name_prefix
    FROM names
    WHERE names.name SIMILAR TO '1%|3%'
) name_info ON name_info.uid = texts.name_uid
WHERE texts.timestamp > '2018-05-01 00:00:00'
GROUP BY name_info.name_prefix

与第一种解决方案相比，这是非常快的。问题是，现在结果中缺少计数为零的行。

我现在的问题是如何创建一个提供接近查询2的性能的查询，但是在结果中包含计数为零的行

一些上下文信息：我正在使用PostgreSQL 10，表文本的行数比表名大一百万倍。实际上，文本甚至在现实世界中被分区，但我决定在此处跳过这个例子。

Answer 1

由于WHERE子句中的时间戳条件，第二个查询中的右连接就像内连接一样。删除条件并使用count(*)聚合FILTER：

SELECT 
    name_info.name_prefix, 
    count(*) FILTER (WHERE texts.timestamp > '2018-05-01 00:00:00') AS counter, 
    max(timestamp) AS timestamp
FROM texts
RIGHT JOIN (
    SELECT names.uid, substring(names.name, '[^/]+' ) AS name_prefix
    FROM names
    WHERE names.name SIMILAR TO '1%|3%'
    ) name_info ON name_info.uid = texts.name_uid 
GROUP BY name_info.name_prefix;

DbFiddle.

您还可以尝试两阶段分组，例如：

select 
    name_prefix, 
    sum(counter) as counter, 
    max(timestamp) as timestamp
from (
    select 
        substring(name, '[^/]+' ) as name_prefix,
        sum((timestamp > '2018-05-01 00:00:00')::int) as counter,
        max(timestamp) as timestamp
    from texts
    join names on name_uid = uid
    where name similar to '1%|3%'
    group by uid
    ) s
group by name_prefix

PostgreSQL：从两个表中选择count和maximum

1 个答案: