Question

我有一个使用资源的应用程序（.wav .png- files）。我想在构建我的项目时将这些资源包含在我的.jar中。

从IDE运行应用程序效果很好。

正如here所述，我在resources-folder

的同一级别创建了src-folder

我的项目结构：

ProjectName --        
              |
              out
              |
              resources --
              |           |
              |           sounds
              |           |
              |           images
              src --
                    |
                    ...

正如here所述，我已将文件夹resources标记为Resources root。

正如here所述，我在Project structure中创建了自己的工件。这是他们的样子：

这段代码，适用于音频文件，例如：

new Media(new File("resources/sounds/login_sound.wav").toURI().toString());

当我尝试通过终端运行jar时，我收到以下错误：

Caused by: MediaException: MEDIA_UNAVAILABLE : /home/moritz/IdeaProjects/TheFloorIsLavaGUI/out/artifacts/TheFloorIsLavaGUI_jar/resources/sounds/login_sound.wav (File or directory not found)

完整的堆栈跟踪：

    moritz@Momix:~/IdeaProjects/TheFloorIsLavaGUI/out/artifacts/TheFloorIsLavaGUI_jar$ java -jar TheFloorIsLavaGUI.jar 
Gtk-Message: 12:33:12.649: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
Exception in Application start method
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:767)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:917)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$154(LauncherImpl.java:182)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: MediaException: MEDIA_UNAVAILABLE : /home/moritz/IdeaProjects/TheFloorIsLavaGUI/out/artifacts/TheFloorIsLavaGUI_jar/resources/sounds/login_sound.wav (Datei oder Verzeichnis nicht gefunden)
    at javafx.scene.media.Media.<init>(Media.java:407)
    at managers.SoundManager.playSong(SoundManager.java:71)
    at main.TheFloorIsLavaGUI.start(TheFloorIsLavaGUI.java:39)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication1$161(LauncherImpl.java:863)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait$174(PlatformImpl.java:326)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$null$172(PlatformImpl.java:295)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater$173(PlatformImpl.java:294)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:95)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.gtk.GtkApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
    at com.sun.glass.ui.gtk.GtkApplication.lambda$null$48(GtkApplication.java:139)
    ... 1 more
Exception running application main.TheFloorIsLavaGUI

有什么建议吗？谢谢

Answer 1

TL; DR：

从类路径而不是文件系统加载文件：

new Media(
  Test.class.getResource(
    "resources/sounds/login_sound.wav"
   ).toURI().toString())`

说明：这里有几件事情：

您正尝试从路径/your/home/.../project/out/artifacts/.../resources/...加载文件。通过将resources标记为资源文件夹，您可以告诉IntelliJ将所有文件放在类路径的根目录中，如屏幕截图所示。

它不会将该文件放在文件系统中，而是将其包含在jar中
从IDE运行时，new File("resources/sounds/login_sound.wav").toURI()计算结果为/home/moritz/IdeaProjects/TheFloorIsLavaGUI/resources/sounds/login_sound.wav，这是项目中文件的位置。从jar运行时，它会计算输出文件夹/home/moritz/IdeaProjects/TheFloorIsLavaGUI/out/artifacts/TheFloorIsLavaGUI_jar/resources/sounds/login_sound.wav中的路径，该路径不是构建所放置的位置。

现在，处理此问题的正确方法是不是从文件系统加载资源，而是从类路径加载资源。尝试从IDE和jar中运行以下内容以查看差异

System.out.println(new File("foo.wav").toURI().toString());
System.out.println( Test.class.getResource("foo.wav").toURI().toString());

// From IDE
file:/Users/.../untitled/foo.wav
file:/ Users/.../untitled/out/production/untitled/foo.wav

// From Jar
file:/Users/.../untitled/out/artifacts/foo.wav
jar:file: /Users/.../untitled/out/artifacts/untitled_jar/untitled.jar!/foo.wav

请注意，Media接受jar URI：https://docs.oracle.com/javafx/2/api/javafx/scene/media/Media.html#Media%28java.lang.String%29

所以你需要做的事实上很简单。更改将wav从new Media(new File("resources/sounds/login_sound.wav").toURI().toString());加载到new Media(Test.class.getResource("resources/sounds/login_sound.wav").toURI().toString())

除此之外：您可能希望查看构建工具（如gradle或maven），而不是从IDE构建。

intelliJ IDEA为JAR添加资源

1 个答案: