AsyncTask Android - 设计模式和返回值

时间:2011-02-20 17:25:28

标签: android http design-patterns android-asynctask

我正在编写一个验证外部Web服务器上的登录凭据的应用程序 - 所以我有一个基本的问题:创建一个登录屏幕,当提交时会在后台向服务器发送HTTP请求而不会导致UI挂起 - 同时向用户提供ProgressDialog。

我的问题在于,我想编写一个扩展AsyncTask的通用HTTP Request类,所以当我调用.execute()时,我将传递String参数,这些参数可能包含类似'post'的内容,以及{{1调用它会看到'post'字符串,然后将这些参数转发到我班级的相应调用中。伪代码就像

doInBackground

这是我能想到的,除了为我希望制作的每个HTTP Post / GET等请求创建一个类并扩展ASyncTask ......

这引出了我的下一个问题,如果HTTP POST成功并返回一个身份验证令牌,我该如何访问此令牌?

因为新的httpOperations.execute(),不会从doInBackground返回字符串,而是返回类型

的值

对不起,如果这没有意义,我根本无法解决这个问题。如果需要,请索取详细说明。 AsyncTask的设计模式和想法受到了极大的欢迎。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:23)

如果您正在为此类设计可重用任务,则需要确定可重用的返回类型。这是您的设计决定。问问自己,“我的HTTP操作在调用它们的机制和处理它们的数据方面是否相似?”如果是这样,您可以设计一个类来执行这两个操作。如果没有,您可能需要为不同的远程操作使用不同的类。

在我个人的使用中,我有一个对象,我附加了键值对,常见的返回类型是HttpEntity。这是HTTP Get和Post的返回类型,这似乎在我的场景中正常工作,因为我在异常的HTTP结果情况下抛出异常,例如404.此设置的另一个好处是将参数附加到get的代码或者帖子非常相似,所以这个逻辑很容易构建。


一个例子就是这样的(psuedo):

public interface DownloadCallback {
   void onSuccess(String downloadedString);
   void onFailure(Exception exception);
}

然后在你的代码中,你去哪里下载:

DownloadCallback dc = new DownloadCallback(){
   public void onSuccess(String downloadedString){
     Log.d("TEST", "Downloaded the string: "+ downloadedString);
   }
   public void onFailure(Exception e){
     Log.d("TEST", "Download had a serious failure: "+ e.getMessage());
   }
 }

 DownloadAsyncTask dlTask = new DownloadAsyncTask(dc);

然后在DownloadAsyncTask的构造函数中,存储DownloadCallback,并在下载完成或失败时,调用与该事件对应的下载回调方法。所以......

public class DownloadAsyncTask extends AsyncTask <X, Y, Z>(){
  DownloadCallback dc = null;

  DownloadAsyncTask(DownloadCallback dc){
    this.dc = dc;
  }

  ... other stuff ...

  protected void onPostExecute(String string){
    dc.onSuccess(string);
  }
}

我要重申,我认为为了自己的利益,你应该传回HttpEntities。字符串现在似乎是一个好主意,但是当你想要在http调用后面做更复杂的逻辑时,它确实会导致麻烦。当然,这取决于你。希望这会有所帮助。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

假设web api的数据格式是json,我的设计模式:

普通班级
1.MyAsyncTask:扩展AsyncTask
2.BackgroundBase:服务器的参数
3.API_Base:来自服务器的参数
4.MyTaskCompleted:回调接口

public class MyAsyncTask<BackgroundClass extends BackgroundBase,APIClass extends API_Base> extends AsyncTask<BackgroundClass, Void, APIClass> {
    private ProgressDialog pd ; 
    private MyTaskCompleted listener;
    private Context cxt;
    private Class<APIClass> resultType;
    private String url;
    private int requestCode;    

    public MyAsyncTask(MyTaskCompleted listener, Class<APIClass> resultType, int requestCode, String url){
        this.listener = listener;
        this.cxt = (Context)listener;
        this.requestCode = requestCode;
        this.resultType = resultType;
        this.url = url;
    }
    public MyAsyncTask(MyTaskCompleted listener, Class<APIClass> resultType, int requestCode, String url, ProgressDialog pd){
            this(listener, resultType, requestCode, url);
            this.pd = pd;
            this.pd.show();
    }   

    @Override
    protected APIClass doInBackground(BackgroundClass... params) {
        APIClass result = null;
        try {           
            //do something with url and params, and get data from WebServer api
            BackgroundClass oParams = params[0];
            String sUrl = url + "?d=" + URLEncoder.encode(oParams.getJSON(), "UTF-8");
            String source = "{\"RtnCode\":1, \"ResultA\":\"result aaa\", \"ResultB\":\"result bbb\"}";

            //to see progressdialog
            Thread.sleep(2000);

            result = new com.google.gson.Gson().fromJson(source, resultType);           
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return result;
    }

     @Override
     protected void onPostExecute(APIClass result) {
        super.onPostExecute(result);

        try {
            if(pd != null && pd.isShowing())
                pd.dismiss();

            API_Base oApi_Base = (API_Base)result;          
            listener.onMyTaskCompleted(result , this.requestCode);                      
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }           
    }

}
public class API_Base {
    public int RtnCode;

    public String getJSON(Context context) throws Exception
    {
        return new com.google.gson.Gson().toJson(this);
    }


    public String toString(){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        for (Field field : this.getClass().getFields()) {
            try {
                field.setAccessible(true); 
                Object value = field.get(this); 
                if (value != null) {
                    sb.append(String.format("%s = %s\n", field.getName(), value));
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        return sb.toString();
    }

}
public class BackgroundBase {

    public String getJSON() throws Exception
    {       
        return new com.google.gson.Gson().toJson(this);
    }

}
public interface MyTaskCompleted {
    void onMyTaskCompleted(API_Base oApi_Base, int requestCode) ;
}


例如,让我们在一个活动中调用两个api
假设:
API 1。http://www.google.com/action/a
输入参数:ActionA
输出参数:RtnCode,ResultA

API 2。http://www.google.com/action/b
输入参数:ActionB
输出参数:RtnCode,ResultB

类示例:
1.MyActivity:扩展Activity并实现MyTaskCompleted
2.MyConfig:实用程序类,我在这里设置requestCode
3.BackgroundActionA,BackgroundActionB:api输入参数的模型类
4.API_ActionA,API_ActionB:api输出参数的模型类

public class MyActivity extends Activity implements MyTaskCompleted {
    ProgressDialog pd;
    Button btnActionA, btnActionB;
    TextView txtResult;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);
        btnActionA = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_actionA);
        btnActionB = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_actionB);
        txtResult = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.txt_result);

        btnActionA.setOnClickListener(listener_ActionA);
        btnActionB.setOnClickListener(listener_ActionB);

        pd = new ProgressDialog(MyActivity.this);
        pd.setTitle("Title");
        pd.setMessage("Loading");
    }

    Button.OnClickListener listener_ActionA = new Button.OnClickListener(){

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            //without ProgressDialog
            BackgroundActionA oBackgroundActionA = new BackgroundActionA("AAA");
            new MyAsyncTask<BackgroundActionA, API_ActionA>(MyActivity.this, 
                                                            API_ActionA.class, 
                                                            MyConfig.RequestCode_actionA,
                                                            "http://www.google.com/action/a").execute(oBackgroundActionA);
        }

    };
    Button.OnClickListener listener_ActionB = new Button.OnClickListener(){

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            //has ProgressDialog
            BackgroundActionB oBackgroundActionB = new BackgroundActionB("BBB");
            new MyAsyncTask<BackgroundActionB, API_ActionB>(MyActivity.this, 
                                                            API_ActionB.class, 
                                                            MyConfig.RequestCode_actionB,
                                                            "http://www.google.com/action/b",
                                                            MyActivity.this.pd).execute(oBackgroundActionB);
        }

    };

    @Override
    public void onMyTaskCompleted(API_Base oApi_Base, int requestCode) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if(requestCode == MyConfig.RequestCode_actionA){
            API_ActionA oAPI_ActionA = (API_ActionA)oApi_Base;
            txtResult.setText(oAPI_ActionA.toString());

        }else if(requestCode == MyConfig.RequestCode_actionB){
            API_ActionB oAPI_ActionB = (API_ActionB)oApi_Base;
            txtResult.setText(oAPI_ActionB.toString());

        }

    }

}
public class MyConfig {
    public static String LogTag = "henrytest";

    public static int RequestCode_actionA = 1001;
    public static int RequestCode_actionB = 1002;
}
public class BackgroundActionA extends BackgroundBase {
    public String ActionA ;

    public BackgroundActionA(String actionA){
        this.ActionA = actionA;
    }

}
public class BackgroundActionB extends BackgroundBase {
    public String ActionB;

    public BackgroundActionB(String actionB){
        this.ActionB = actionB;
    }
}
public class API_ActionA extends API_Base {
    public String ResultA;
}
public class API_ActionB extends API_Base {
    public String ResultB;
}


这种设计模式的优势
1.多重的优势 2.只需为新api添加模型类,例如:BackgroundActionA和API_ActionA
3.通过回调函数中的不同requestCode确定哪个API:onMyTaskCompleted