这有什么问题（用户模型，第95行）：
scope :by_recent, where('created_at BETWEEN ? AND ?', 1.month.ago, Time.now).order('created_at desc').
每当我启动rails s或rails c时，我得到：
/Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:202:in `rescue in log': PGError: ERROR: unrecognized time zone name: "UTC" (ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid)
在我的模型中注释该行会使错误消失。奇怪。我顺便使用postgres 9。通过Homebrew安装（brew install posgtres）。
此link，建议如下。但是我不明白这个人建议的解决方案......
MikZ：我已经想到了这个
rails正在设置访问器 自动时区转换时 你重写acessor（用表 colum）你会认真的 问题
当离开rails默认（或设置 时区）你会得到很好的结果 但如果你覆盖访问者，你会 遇到严重的问题
所以：不要覆盖“时间” attibutes的访问者
完整错误：
/Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:202:in `rescue in log': PGError: ERROR: unrecognized time zone name: "UTC" (ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid)
: SET time zone 'UTC'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:194:in `log'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:496:in `execute'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:961:in `configure_connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:939:in `connect'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:228:in `initialize'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:25:in `new'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:25:in `postgresql_connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:228:in `new_connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:236:in `checkout_new_connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:190:in `block (2 levels) in checkout'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:186:in `loop'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:186:in `block in checkout'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:201:in `mon_synchronize'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:185:in `checkout'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:93:in `connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:316:in `retrieve_connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:97:in `retrieve_connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:89:in `connection'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:1330:in `replace_bind_variables'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:1317:in `sanitize_sql_array'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:1224:in `sanitize_sql_for_conditions'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb:206:in `build_where'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb:77:in `where'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activerecord-3.0.3/lib/active_record/base.rb:441:in `where'
from /Users/Chris/Sites/site_name/app/models/user.rb:95:in `<class:User>'
from /Users/Chris/Sites/site_name/app/models/user.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:454:in `load'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:454:in `block in load_file'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:596:in `new_constants_in'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:453:in `load_file'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:340:in `require_or_load'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:491:in `load_missing_constant'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:183:in `block in const_missing'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:181:in `each'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:181:in `const_missing'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:124:in `block in constantize'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:123:in `each'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:123:in `constantize'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:528:in `block in <class:Reference>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:538:in `yield'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:538:in `default'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:538:in `get'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bundler/gems/devise-bbaaefa995c3/lib/devise/mapping.rb:76:in `to'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bundler/gems/devise-bbaaefa995c3/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:164:in `block in devise_for'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bundler/gems/devise-bbaaefa995c3/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:160:in `each'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bundler/gems/devise-bbaaefa995c3/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:160:in `devise_for'
from /Users/Chris/Sites/site_name/config/routes.rb:75:in `block in <top (required)>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:233:in `instance_exec'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/actionpack-3.0.3/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:233:in `draw'
from /Users/Chris/Sites/site_name/config/routes.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:235:in `load'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:235:in `block in load'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `block in load_dependency'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:596:in `new_constants_in'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:235:in `load'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:127:in `block in reload_routes!'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:127:in `each'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:127:in `reload_routes!'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:120:in `block in routes_reloader'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:32:in `call'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:32:in `execute_if_updated'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:51:in `block (2 levels) in <module:Finisher>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:52:in `call'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:52:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:25:in `instance_exec'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:25:in `run'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:50:in `block in run_initializers'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:49:in `each'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:49:in `run_initializers'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:134:in `initialize!'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:77:in `method_missing'
from /Users/Chris/Sites/site_name/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:239:in `require'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:239:in `block in require'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `block in load_dependency'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:596:in `new_constants_in'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `load_dependency'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/activesupport-3.0.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:239:in `require'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/application.rb:103:in `require_environment!'
from /Users/Chris/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/railties-3.0.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:22:in `<top (required)>'
from script/rails:6:in `require'
from script/rails:6:in `<main>'
编辑：
实际上，问题与此issue有关。我也从macports搬到了自制软件。在使用自制软件安装postgres之前是否需要删除/ opt / local？
其次，我可以做rake db：drop：all和rake db：create，但不是rake db：migrate。我明白了：
rake aborted!
PGError: ERROR: unrecognized time zone name: "UTC"
: SET time zone 'UTC'
答案 0 :(得分：12)
是的，似乎数据库中存在严重破坏的问题。我记得通过自制软件安装PostgreSql，但可能没有停止仍然在后台运行的postgres服务器的macport安装。
通过另一位开发人员（RhodiumToad）的帮助，我能够通过以下步骤解决这个问题：
之前，我通过rm -rf / usr / local / var / postgres删除了/ usr / local / var / postgres。所以这就是我需要做的事情：
ps axw
找到postgres服务器
117 ?? S 0:00.23 /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql/9.0.3/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/var/postgres -r /usr/local/var/postgres/server.
杀死它，这也应该杀死在bg中运行的任何其他postgres进程
kill 117
以上杀死了进程并停止了服务器。现在我必须初始化数据库，一切似乎再次正常工作：
initdb /usr/local/var/postgres
希望这有助于遇到同一问题的人。
答案 1 :(得分：5)
我的问题是我有多个PostgreSQL服务器运行实例。杀死每个进程并重新启动我想要的工作。不确定为什么会导致PGError: ERROR: unrecognized time zone name: "UTC"
: SET time zone 'UTC'
ps axw | grep postgres
然后kill正如基督徒所说的那样。
注意：我不需要再次运行initdb。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
不是100％确定，但是您定义范围的方式会使您传入的时间参数中出现一个字符串，这可能会导致一些问题。尝试使用符号，看看是否有效：
scope { :conditions => {:created_at => 1.month.ago..Time.now}, :order => 'model.created_at DESC' }
答案 3 :(得分：0)
好吧，我猜你的模型中的那一行正在使它在与数据库交谈时尝试修复使用的时区。我想这有点意义......
无论如何，假设字符串SET time zone 'UTC'是在连接上发送给postgresql的命令（看起来就是这种情况，查看该回溯），那么我希望它能够正常工作。当然它适用于我自己的（Linux）postgresql安装。如果使用psql连接到数据库并手动发出命令，是否可以验证它是否失败？
它似乎表明postgresql安装已损坏。清理东西并重新安装将是一个合理的尝试步骤。我自己安装的postgresql是使用操作系统的时区数据，即查看/usr/share/zoneinfo。您的安装可能正在尝试从构建期间存在的某个位置获取数据，但在转换后已被删除。我认为它应该是在配置时无法找到数据的位置，它会安装自己的捆绑副本。
答案 4 :(得分：0)
发生此错误是因为Postgres已升级但未重新启动。 旧版本正在运行寻找不存在的时区文件。