如何使用python api代码仅在postgres表中更新json类型列的1个属性

时间:2018-05-24 09:57:16

标签: python postgresql sqlalchemy

我有一个postgresql(v.9.5)表,称为使用sqlalchemy core定义的产品:

products = Table("products", metadata,
                 Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
                 Column("name", String, nullable=False, unique=True),
                 Column("description", String),
                 Column("list_price", Float),
                 Column("xdata", JSON))

假设表中的日期添加如下:

id |    name    |        description        | list_price |             xdata              
----+------------+---------------------------+------------+--------------------------------
 24 | Product323 | description of product332 |       6000 | [{"category": 1, "uom": "kg"}]

使用API​​编辑代码如下:

def edit_product(product_id):
    if 'id' in session:
        exist_data = {}
        mkeys = []
        s = select([products]).where(products.c.id == product_id)
        rs = g.conn.execute(s)
        if rs.rowcount == 1:
            data = request.get_json(force=True)
            for r in rs:
                exist_data = dict(r)
            try:
                print exist_data, 'exist_data'
                stmt = products.update().values(data).\
                       where(products.c.id == product_id)
                rs1 = g.conn.execute(stmt)
                return jsonify({'id': "Product details modified"}), 204
            except Exception, e:
                print e
                return jsonify(
                    {'message': "Couldn't modify details / Duplicate"}), 400

    return jsonify({'message': "UNAUTHORIZED"}), 401

假设我只想修改"类别"表格的xdata列中的值,不会打扰" uom"属性及其价值,这是实现它的最佳方式吗?我已经尝试了'for循环'要获取现有值的属性,请使用传递的属性值进行检查更改以进行更新。我相信有比这更好的方法。请恢复为简化此

所需的更改

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

Postgresql提供了jsonb_set()函数,用于用新值替换jsonb的一部分。您的专栏使用的是json类型,但只需使用简单的转换即可。

from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSON, JSONB, array
import json

def edit_product(product_id):
    ...

    # If xdata is present, replace with a jsonb_set() function expression
    if 'xdata' in data:
        # Hard coded path that expects a certain structure
        data['xdata'] = func.jsonb_set(
            products.c.xdata.cast(JSONB),
            array(['0', 'category']),
            # A bit ugly, yes, but the 3rd argument to jsonb_set() has type
            # jsonb, and so the passed literal must be convertible to that
            json.dumps(data['xdata'][0]['category'])).cast(JSON)

在给定一些结构的情况下,您还可以设置一个通用助手来创建对jsonb_set()的嵌套调用:

import json

from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import array

def to_jsonb_set(target, value, create_missing=True, path=()):
    expr = target

    if isinstance(value, dict):
        for k, v in value.items():
            expr = to_jsonb_set(expr, v, create_missing, (*path, k))

    elif isinstance(value, list):
        for i, v in enumerate(value):
            expr = to_jsonb_set(expr, v, create_missing, (*path, i))

    else:
        expr = func.jsonb_set(
            expr,
            array([str(p) for p in path]),
            json.dumps(value),
            create_missing)

    return expr

但可能过度了。