护士通过请购单向三种不同供应品中的一种订购医疗用品，所有这些供应品均由供应商提供。
护士＆gt;申请＆lt;用品（3种）＆lt;供应商
由于项目可以是三种类型中的一种，并且项目尚未存在请购单，因此请购单表具有3种供应类型的外键。
问题：我正确列出的外键都指向3个不同的表，除了其中一个表外，每个表都没有相应的外键。
我收到以下错误：
第1行的错误：ORA-02091：交易回滚
ORA-02291：违反了完整性约束（MMM1339.ITEMNO_PHAR_FK） - 未找到父密钥
CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER
(SUPPLIERNO INT,
SUPPLIERNAME VARCHAR2(100),
PHONENO VARCHAR2(12),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(100),
FAXNO VARCHAR(12),
CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SSPL_PK PRIMARY KEY(SUPPLIERNO));
CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL
(ITEMNO INT,
SUPPLIERNO INT,
NAME VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(25),
QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
REORDERLEVEL INT,
COSTPERUNIT DECIMAL(6,2),
DOSAGE VARCHAR2(12),
CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));
CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL
(ITEMNO INT,
NAME VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(25),
QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
REORDERLEVEL INT,
COSTPERUNIT DECIMAL(6,2),
SUPPLIERNO INT,
CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SUP_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));
CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL
(ITEMNO INT,
NAME VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(25),
QUANTITYINSTOCK INT,
REORDERLEVEL INT,
COSTPERUNIT DECIMAL(6,2),
SUPPLIERNO INT,
CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_PK PRIMARY KEY(ITEMNO));
CREATE TABLE STAFF_CHARGENURSE
(STAFFNO INT,
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(25),
POSITION VARCHAR2(12),
BUDGET DECIMAL(6,2),
SPECIALTY VARCHAR2(12),
CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_CHNURSE_PK PRIMARY KEY(STAFFNO));
CREATE TABLE REQUISITION
(REQNO INT,
STAFFNO INT,
STAFFNAME VARCHAR2(25),
WARDNO INT,
ITEMNO INT,
QUANTITY INT,
DATEORDERED DATE,
DATERECIEVED DATE,
CONSTRAINT REQ_PK PRIMARY KEY(REQNO));
外键：
ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL
ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_PHA_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL
ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL
ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_NONSURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(SUPPLIERNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SUPPLIERNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE REQUISITION
ADD CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_REQ_FK FOREIGN KEY(STAFFNO) REFERENCES STAFF_CHARGENURSE(STAFFNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE REQUISITION
ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL(ITEMNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE REQUISITION
ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_SURGICAL(ITEMNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
ALTER TABLE REQUISITION
ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_FK FOREIGN KEY(ITEMNO) REFERENCES SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL(ITEMNO)
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
测试数据：
INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(1, 20, 'Julie Wood', 8, 888520, 2, '27-FEB-2018', '15-MAR-2018');
INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(2, 20, 'Julie Wood', 8, 923956, 1, '25-FEB-2018', '28-FEB-2018');
INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(3, 21, 'Sarah Michaels', 7, 054802, 3, '20-FEB-2018', '22-FEB-2018');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (823456, 100001, 'Zanax', 'Anti Depressant', 8, 2, 100.50, '50mg');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (923956, 100001, 'Zupridol', 'Blood Pressure Treatment', 12, 5, 50, '20mg');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (3952, 200001, 'Amibreezax', 'Artificial Ear Wax', 2, 1, 200, '5g');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL VALUES (4955, 200001, 'Ambridax', 'Skin Treatment', 5, 10, 20, '2mg');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_SURGICAL VALUES (54802, 'Scalpel', 'Surgical Tool', 20, 10, 200.42, 100001);
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_SURGICAL VALUES (634520, 'Stitches', 'Suture Tool', 100, 10, 2.50, 200001);
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL VALUES (888520, 'Cart', '5ftx2ftx3ft', 2, 0, 200.00, 100001);
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL VALUES (423, 'Tool Holder', 'Holds Inspection Equip.', 4, 2, 50.00, 100001);
INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES(20, '32 Stark St. Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 8000.99, 'Head Trauma');
INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES(21, '18 Wilson Rd Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 6000, 'Epidermus');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES (100001,'Company A', '503-222-3333', '100 SE Stark Rd Portland, OR', '503-666-4444');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES (200001,'Company B', '666-333-4444', '500 SE Bilerica Rd Akron, OH', '666-444-3333');
COMMIT;
答案 0 :(得分：0)
正如您对其他相关问题的回答中所提到的，没有超类，也没有子类。 SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL，SUPPLIES_SURGICAL和SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL只是彼此没有关联的表格。
强制执行所有已启用的约束。将它们定义为可延迟只会将验证推迟到下一个commit，这在您的示例中并未真正改变任何内容。如果您在列上定义了三个约束，则没有语法或机制可以说'只需要强制执行其中一个约束'，我无法看到这样的系统如何可行
在数据建模中，您可以使用
定义子类型SUPPLIES或类似指标列的单个表格（例如category），或其他表可以根据需要引用FK约束来引用父项或其子项之一。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
这是您修改后的原始代码（UPPER案例原件，小写：修改），使用@William Robertson的ideas：{1}使用单个SUPPLIES表，{2}使用is_surgical列，{3} pharma_dosage表。也许你喜欢它......
CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER
(SUPPLIERNO integer,
SUPPLIERNAME VARCHAR2(100),
PHONENO VARCHAR2(12),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(100),
FAXNO VARCHAR(12),
CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SSPL_PK PRIMARY KEY(SUPPLIERNO));
-- one table instead of 3
create table supplies (
ITEMNO integer,
SUPPLIERNO integer,
NAME VARCHAR2(25),
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(25),
QUANTITYINSTOCK integer,
REORDERLEVEL integer,
COSTPERUNIT number(6,2),
is_surgical varchar2(1) not null,
constraint supplies_surgical_yn_chk check( is_surgical in ('Y','N') )
, constraint supplies_pk primary key( itemno )
, constraint supplies_fk foreign key( supplierno )
references supplier( supplierno )
);
create table pharma_dosage (
itemno integer
, dosage varchar2( 64 ) not null
, constraint pharma_supplies_fk foreign key( itemno )
references supplies( itemno )
, constraint pharma_supplies_pk primary key( itemno )
);
还有两个表，并且 - 注释掉了 - 我们不需要的东西：
-- not needed
-- CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL
-- CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL
-- CREATE TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL
CREATE TABLE STAFF_CHARGENURSE
(STAFFNO integer,
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(25),
POSITION VARCHAR2(12),
BUDGET DECIMAL(6,2),
SPECIALTY VARCHAR2(12),
CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_CHNURSE_PK PRIMARY KEY(STAFFNO));
CREATE TABLE REQUISITION
(REQNO integer,
STAFFNO integer,
STAFFNAME VARCHAR2(25),
WARDNO integer,
ITEMNO integer,
QUANTITY integer,
DATEORDERED DATE,
DATERECIEVED DATE,
CONSTRAINT REQ_PK PRIMARY KEY(REQNO),
constraint req_fk foreign key ( itemno ) references supplies ( itemno )
);
-- not needed
-- ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_PHARMACEUTICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_PHA_FK
-- ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_SURGICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_SURG_FK
-- ALTER TABLE SUPPLIES_NONSURGICAL ADD CONSTRAINT SUPPLIERNO_NONSURG_FK
ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT STAFFNO_REQ_FK
FOREIGN KEY(STAFFNO) REFERENCES STAFF_CHARGENURSE(STAFFNO) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
-- not needed
-- ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_PHAR_FK
-- ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_SURG_FK
-- ALTER TABLE REQUISITION ADD CONSTRAINT ITEMNO_NONSURG_FK
<强>插入
-- parents first
begin
INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES(20, '32 Stark St. Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 8000.99, 'Head Trauma');
INSERT INTO STAFF_CHARGENURSE VALUES(21, '18 Wilson Rd Portland, OR', 'Charge Nurse', 6000, 'Epidermus');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES (100001,'Company A', '503-222-3333', '100 SE Stark Rd Portland, OR', '503-666-4444');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIER VALUES (200001,'Company B', '666-333-4444', '500 SE Bilerica Rd Akron, OH', '666-444-3333');
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
更多测试数据
begin
-- pharmaceutical
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (823456, 100001, 'Zanax', 'Anti Depressant', 8, 2, 100.50, 'N');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (923956, 100001, 'Zupridol', 'Blood Pressure Treatment', 12, 5, 50, 'N');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (3952, 200001, 'Amibreezax', 'Artificial Ear Wax', 2, 1, 200, 'N');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (4955, 200001, 'Ambridax', 'Skin Treatment', 5, 10, 20, 'N');
-- pharma_dosage
insert into pharma_dosage ( itemno, dosage ) values ( 823456, '50mg' ) ;
insert into pharma_dosage ( itemno, dosage ) values ( 923956, '20mg' ) ;
insert into pharma_dosage ( itemno, dosage ) values ( 3952, '5g' ) ;
insert into pharma_dosage ( itemno, dosage ) values ( 4955, '2mg' ) ;
-- surgical
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (54802, 100001, 'Scalpel', 'Surgical Tool', 20, 10, 200.42, 'Y');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (634520, 200001, 'Stitches', 'Suture Tool', 100, 10, 2.50, 'Y');
-- nonsurgical
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical)
VALUES (888520, 100001, 'Cart', '5ftx2ftx3ft', 2, 0, 200.00, 'N');
INSERT INTO SUPPLIES( itemno, supplierno, name, description, quantityinstock
, reorderlevel, costperunit, is_surgical )
VALUES (423, 100001,'Tool Holder', 'Holds Inspection Equip.', 4, 2, 50.00, 'N');
-- requisition
INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(1, 20, 'Julie Wood', 8, 888520, 2, '27-FEB-2018', '15-MAR-2018');
INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(2, 20, 'Julie Wood', 8, 923956, 1, '25-FEB-2018', '28-FEB-2018');
INSERT INTO REQUISITION VALUES(3, 21, 'Sarah Michaels', 7, 054802, 3, '20-FEB-2018', '22-FEB-2018');
end ;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
现在，有些SELECT ...
SQL> select * from supplier ;
SUPPLIERNO SUPPLIERNAME PHONENO ADDRESS FAXNO
100001 Company A 503-222-3333 100 SE Stark Rd Portland, OR 503-666-4444
200001 Company B 666-333-4444 500 SE Bilerica Rd Akron, OH 666-444-3333
SQL> select * from supplies ;
ITEMNO SUPPLIERNO NAME DESCRIPTION QUANTITYINSTOCK REORDERLEVEL COSTPERUNIT IS_SURGICAL
823456 100001 Zanax Anti Depressant 8 2 100.5 N
923956 100001 Zupridol Blood Pressure Treatment 12 5 50 N
3952 200001 Amibreezax Artificial Ear Wax 2 1 200 N
4955 200001 Ambridax Skin Treatment 5 10 20 N
54802 100001 Scalpel Surgical Tool 20 10 200.42 Y
634520 200001 Stitches Suture Tool 100 10 2.5 Y
888520 100001 Cart 5ftx2ftx3ft 2 0 200 N
423 100001 Tool Holder Holds Inspection Equip. 4 2 50 N
SQL> select * from requisition;
REQNO STAFFNO STAFFNAME WARDNO ITEMNO QUANTITY DATEORDERED DATERECIEVED
1 20 Julie Wood 8 888520 2 27-FEB-18 15-MAR-18
2 20 Julie Wood 8 923956 1 25-FEB-18 28-FEB-18
3 21 Sarah Michaels 7 54802 3 20-FEB-18 22-FEB-18
SQL> select * from staff_chargenurse;
STAFFNO ADDRESS POSITION BUDGET SPECIALTY
20 32 Stark St. Portland, OR Charge Nurse 8000.99 Head Trauma
21 18 Wilson Rd Portland, OR Charge Nurse 6000 Epidermus
SQL> select * from pharma_dosage;
ITEMNO DOSAGE
823456 50mg
923956 20mg
3952 5g
4955 2mg
版本2
如果您仍想要一个“超类型”和3个“子类型”表，请查看以下DDL。您可能会找到一种“介于两者之间”的解决方案。 （以下是“概念证明”代码，省略了几列和一些原始表。）
create table supplies (
supplierno number primary key
, category varchar2( 16 )
, constraint unique_parentcategory unique ( supplierno, category )
, constraint check_category check (
category in ( 'surgical', 'non-surgical', 'pharmaceutical' )
)
);
然后......
create table supplies_pharmaceutical (
supplierno number primary key
, category varchar2( 16 )
--
-- more "specific" columns here
--
, constraint check_category1 check ( category in ( 'pharmaceutical' ) )
, constraint s_p_fk foreign key ( supplierno, category )
references supplies ( supplierno, category )
) ;
create table supplies_nonsurgical (
supplierno number primary key
, category varchar2( 16 )
--
-- more "specific" columns here
--
, constraint check_category2 check ( category in ( 'non-surgical' ) )
, constraint s_n_fk foreign key ( supplierno, category )
references supplies ( supplierno, category )
) ;
create table supplies_surgical (
supplierno number primary key
, category varchar2( 16 )
--
-- more "specific" columns here
--
, constraint check_category3 check ( category in ( 'surgical' ) )
, constraint s_s_fk foreign key ( supplierno, category )
references supplies ( supplierno, category )
) ;
测试数据：
begin
insert into supplies( supplierno, category ) values ( 1000, 'pharmaceutical' ) ;
insert into supplies( supplierno, category ) values ( 2000, 'non-surgical' ) ;
insert into supplies( supplierno, category ) values ( 3000, 'surgical' ) ;
insert into supplies_pharmaceutical( supplierno, category )
values ( 1000, 'pharmaceutical' ) ;
insert into supplies_nonsurgical( supplierno, category )
values ( 2000, 'non-surgical' ) ;
insert into supplies_surgical( supplierno, category )
values ( 3000, 'surgical' ) ;
end;
/
-- must fail:
insert into supplies ( supplierno, category ) values ( 1001, 'food' ) ;
insert into supplies_pharmaceutical( supplierno, category )
values ( 2000, 'pharmaceutical' ) ;