使用http时,在subscribe之外的变量是未定义的

时间:2018-05-18 08:16:21

标签: angular http observable

我正在开发一个Angular 2项目,我有一项名为“MockService'使用名为' getMockData()'的方法在我的组件中使用如下:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Mock } from './mock';
//import { MOCK } from './mock-data';
import { MockService } from '../mock.service';
import { Chart } from 'chart.js';
import 'chart.piecelabel.js';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-viz',
  templateUrl: './viz.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./viz.component.scss']
})
export class VizComponent implements OnInit {
  mock:Mock;

  options = {
    responsive: true,
    tooltips: {
      enabled: false
    },
    legend: {
      display: false
    },
    pieceLabel:{
      render: 'percetage',
      precision: 0,

      // identifies whether or not labels of value 0 are displayed, default is false
      showZero: true,

      // font size, default is defaultFontSize
      fontSize: 12,

      // font color, can be color array for each data or function for dynamic color, default is defaultFontColor
      fontColor: ['green', 'blue'],

      // font style, default is defaultFontStyle
      fontStyle: 'normal',

      // font family, default is defaultFontFamily
      fontFamily: "'Helvetica Neue', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif",

      // draw text shadows under labels, default is false
      textShadow: true,

      // text shadow intensity, default is 6
      shadowBlur: 10,

      // text shadow X offset, default is 3
      shadowOffsetX: -5,

      // text shadow Y offset, default is 3
      shadowOffsetY: 5,

      // text shadow color, default is 'rgba(0,0,0,0.3)'
      shadowColor: 'rgba(255,0,0,0.75)',

      // draw label in arc, default is false
      arc: false,

      // position to draw label, available value is 'default', 'border' and 'outside'
      // default is 'default'
      position: 'outside'
    }
  }

  constructor(private mockService: MockService) {
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.getData();

    let ctx = "myChart";
    let myChart = new Chart(ctx,{
      type: this.mock.type,
      data: this.mock.data,
      options: this.options
    })
  }

  getData(): void {
    this.mockService.getMockData()
    .subscribe(mock_data => {
       this.mock = mock_data;
    });
  }
}

和' MockService'如下:

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Mock } from './viz/mock';
import { MOCK } from './viz/mock-data';
import { Observable} from 'rxjs';
import { of } from 'rxjs/observable/of';
import { HttpClient, HttpHeaders } from '@angular/common/http';

@Injectable()
export class MockService {
  private mockUrl = 'api/MOCK';

  constructor(
    private http: HttpClient
  ) { }

  getMockData(): Observable<Mock> {
    //return of(MOCK);
    return this.http.get<Mock>(this.mockUrl);
  }

}

问题是当我使用&#39;&#39;操作员返回数据,代码没有中断,图表按预期显示。但是,当我使用&#39; http.get&#39;方法,&#39;模拟&#39;我的组件中的属性变得不确定。它在subscribe方法中定义。我可以使用控制台来记录它。但是在方法之外的任何地方,即使在&#39; getData()&#39;方法,它是未定义的。我怎样才能使用&#39; http.get&#39;方法实现与以前相同的功能?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

你的问题是http.get是asyncronus

尝试这样的事情:

  getData(): Promise<Mock> {
    return new Promise(r => {
      this.mockService.getMockData()
        .subscribe(mock_data => {
           r(mock_data);
        });
    });
  }

然后在ngOnInit

  ngOnInit() {
    this.getData().then((mock) => {
      this.mock = mock;
      let ctx = "myChart";
      let myChart = new Chart(ctx,{
        type: this.mock.type,
        data: this.mock.data,
        options: this.options
      })
    });
  }

如果你希望你的代码更具可读性,你也可以使用像这样的async / await语法:

ngOnInit() {
  (async () => {
    this.mock = await this.getData();
    ...
  })();
}

注意角度你不应该使用循环函数(如OnInit)async,如:

// NOT LIKE THIS
async ngOnInit() { ... }
// or
ngOnInit = async function() { ... }

答案 1 :(得分:0)

尝试:

ngOnInit() {
    let ctx = "myChart";
    this.mockService.getMockData()
    .subscribe(mock_data => {
      this.mock = mock_data;
      let myChart = new Chart(ctx,{
      type: mock_data.type,
      data: mock_data.data,
      options: this.options
    })
    });
  }

答案 2 :(得分:0)

如果在订阅完成之前尝试使用this.mock,则将不确定。 因为当您使用http请求加载数据时,在执行订阅代码之前会有一段延迟。

所以我的建议是创建一个从订阅中调用的refresh()方法,该方法更新依赖于this.mock的其他对象。

这样的事情可能是:

getData(): void {
  this.mockService.getMockData()
  .subscribe(mock_data => {
    this.mock = mock_data;
    this.refresh();
  });
}

refresh() {
  let myChart = new Chart(ctx,{
    type: this.mock.type,
    data: this.mock.data,
    options: this.options
  })
}

答案 3 :(得分:0)

observable是异步的,因此在初始化Chart时它没有完成。您可以通过将其转换为promise并使用async / await

来等待observable完成
async ngOnInit() {
    this.mock = await this.getData();
    ...
}

getData()方法:

  getData(): Promise<Mock> {
    return this.mockService.getMockData().toPromise();
  }