我的问题是：是否有一个好的，简单数据结构用于存储六边形网格，同时允许快速查找六边形，六边形之间的边缘和六边形交叉点处的顶点？我知道像边缘或四边形这样的一般结构可以做到这一点，但这看起来像是大规模的过度杀伤。
答案 0 :(得分：20)
答案 1 :(得分：3)
一种可能性是“砖墙”技术，它使用方形网格，每行偏离上行和下行的半个方块。它在拓扑上与十六进制网格相同，但在某些方面更容易使用。
你总是可以拥有与指针或引用相关的六边形和顶点数据项，但这可能不符合你的缩放要求，并且将它们放在屏幕上会更难。
如果我正确地记住了这些规则，那么了解一个顶点所在的六边形是非常重要的，并且知道哪个顶点与哪个顶点相邻非常重要，而且大多数其他关系都不重要（除了具有顶点的六边形之外）港口或任何你称之为交换的东西。）
答案 2 :(得分：2)
如果你从一个45度的角度观察一个立方体（角落朝向你），你会发现它的轮廓是六边形。为了算法的目的，我们可以通过将六边形作为立方体的二维投影来获得大量的里程。
有关六边形多维数据集方法的更多信息，请查看Amit的post。这是在游戏中实现六边形网格的明确答案。
答案 3 :(得分：1)
由于它是一个二维结构，我们总是可以只用两个尺寸，在这种情况下，它们不是90°而是相互成60°。但是，在该设置中，距离计算（根据遍历的十六进制）有点棘手。
另一个想法是将位置存储为三角形（x，y，z）沿着六边形自然具有的三个轴，并且需要将其中一个坐标标准化为0。
答案 4 :(得分：1)
您可能会发现this blog post（以及该系列中的其他内容）对某些背景提示非常有用。
答案 5 :(得分：1)
这是对最高投票答案的替代方案，因为我们在为Settlers of Catan实施我们自己的AI时发现了很多错误。顺便说一句，这里可以在六边形网格结构上找到很多资源：http://www.redblobgames.com/grids/hexagons/
Python中的代码：
class Board:
# Layout is just a double list of Tiles, some will be None
def __init__(self, layout=None):
self.numRows = len(layout)
self.numCols = len(layout[0])
self.hexagons = [[None for x in xrange(self.numCols)] for x in xrange(self.numRows)]
self.edges = [[None for x in xrange(self.numCols*2+2)] for x in xrange(self.numRows*2+2)]
self.vertices = [[None for x in xrange(self.numCols*2+2)] for x in xrange(self.numRows*2+2)]
for row in self.hexagons:
for hexagon in row:
if hexagon == None: continue
edgeLocations = self.getEdgeLocations(hexagon)
vertexLocations = self.getVertexLocations(hexagon)
for xLoc,yLoc in edgeLocations:
if self.edges[xLoc][yLoc] == None:
self.edges[xLoc][yLoc] = Edge(xLoc,yLoc)
for xLoc,yLoc in vertexLocations:
if self.vertices[xLoc][yLoc] == None:
self.vertices[xLoc][yLoc] = Vertex(xLoc,yLoc)
def getNeighborHexes(self, hex):
neighbors = []
x = hex.X
y = hex.Y
offset = 1
if x % 2 != 0:
offset = -1
if (y+1) < len(self.hexagons[x]):
hexOne = self.hexagons[x][y+1]
if hexOne != None: neighbors.append(hexOne)
if y > 0:
hexTwo = self.hexagons[x][y-1]
if hexTwo != None: neighbors.append(hexTwo)
if (x+1) < len(self.hexagons):
hexThree = self.hexagons[x+1][y]
if hexThree != None: neighbors.append(hexThree)
if x > 0:
hexFour = self.hexagons[x-1][y]
if hexFour != None: neighbors.append(hexFour)
if (y+offset) >= 0 and (y+offset) < len(self.hexagons[x]):
if (x+1) < len(self.hexagons):
hexFive = self.hexagons[x+1][y+offset]
if hexFive != None: neighbors.append(hexFive)
if x > 0:
hexSix = self.hexagons[x-1][y+offset]
if hexSix != None: neighbors.append(hexSix)
return neighbors
def getNeighborVertices(self, vertex):
neighbors = []
x = vertex.X
y = vertex.Y
offset = -1
if x % 2 == y % 2: offset = 1
# Logic from thinking that this is saying getEdgesOfVertex
# and then for each edge getVertexEnds, taking out the three that are ==vertex
if (y+1) < len(self.vertices[0]):
vertexOne = self.vertices[x][y+1]
if vertexOne != None: neighbors.append(vertexOne)
if y > 0:
vertexTwo = self.vertices[x][y-1]
if vertexTwo != None: neighbors.append(vertexTwo)
if (x+offset) >= 0 and (x+offset) < len(self.vertices):
vertexThree = self.vertices[x+offset][y]
if vertexThree != None: neighbors.append(vertexThree)
return neighbors
# used to initially create vertices
def getVertexLocations(self, hex):
vertexLocations = []
x = hex.X
y = hex.Y
offset = x % 2
offset = 0-offset
vertexLocations.append((x, 2*y+offset))
vertexLocations.append((x, 2*y+1+offset))
vertexLocations.append((x, 2*y+2+offset))
vertexLocations.append((x+1, 2*y+offset))
vertexLocations.append((x+1, 2*y+1+offset))
vertexLocations.append((x+1, 2*y+2+offset))
return vertexLocations
# used to initially create edges
def getEdgeLocations(self, hex):
edgeLocations = []
x = hex.X
y = hex.Y
offset = x % 2
offset = 0-offset
edgeLocations.append((2*x,2*y+offset))
edgeLocations.append((2*x,2*y+1+offset))
edgeLocations.append((2*x+1,2*y+offset))
edgeLocations.append((2*x+1,2*y+2+offset))
edgeLocations.append((2*x+2,2*y+offset))
edgeLocations.append((2*x+2,2*y+1+offset))
return edgeLocations
def getVertices(self, hex):
hexVertices = []
x = hex.X
y = hex.Y
offset = x % 2
offset = 0-offset
hexVertices.append(self.vertices[x][2*y+offset]) # top vertex
hexVertices.append(self.vertices[x][2*y+1+offset]) # left top vertex
hexVertices.append(self.vertices[x][2*y+2+offset]) # left bottom vertex
hexVertices.append(self.vertices[x+1][2*y+offset]) # right top vertex
hexVertices.append(self.vertices[x+1][2*y+1+offset]) # right bottom vertex
hexVertices.append(self.vertices[x+1][2*y+2+offset]) # bottom vertex
return hexVertices
def getEdges(self, hex):
hexEdges = []
x = hex.X
y = hex.Y
offset = x % 2
offset = 0-offset
hexEdges.append(self.edges[2*x][2*y+offset])
hexEdges.append(self.edges[2*x][2*y+1+offset])
hexEdges.append(self.edges[2*x+1][2*y+offset])
hexEdges.append(self.edges[2*x+1][2*y+2+offset])
hexEdges.append(self.edges[2*x+2][2*y+offset])
hexEdges.append(self.edges[2*x+2][2*y+1+offset])
return hexEdges
# returns (start, end) tuple
def getVertexEnds(self, edge):
x = edge.X
y = edge.Y
vertexOne = self.vertices[(x-1)/2][y]
vertexTwo = self.vertices[(x+1)/2][y]
if x%2 == 0:
vertexOne = self.vertices[x/2][y]
vertexTwo = self.vertices[x/2][y+1]
return (vertexOne, vertexTwo)
def getEdgesOfVertex(self, vertex):
vertexEdges = []
x = vertex.X
y = vertex.Y
offset = -1
if x % 2 == y % 2: offset = 1
edgeOne = self.edges[x*2][y-1]
edgeTwo = self.edges[x*2][y]
edgeThree = self.edges[x*2+offset][y]
if edgeOne != None: vertexEdges.append(edgeOne)
if edgeTwo != None: vertexEdges.append(edgeTwo)
if edgeThree != None: vertexEdges.append(edgeThree)
return vertexEdges
# tested
def getHexes(self, vertex):
vertexHexes = []
x = vertex.X
y = vertex.Y
xOffset = x % 2
yOffset = y % 2
if x < len(self.hexagons) and y/2 < len(self.hexagons[x]):
hexOne = self.hexagons[x][y/2]
if hexOne != None: vertexHexes.append(hexOne)
weirdX = x
if (xOffset+yOffset) == 1: weirdX = x-1
weirdY = y/2
if yOffset == 1: weirdY += 1
else: weirdY -= 1
if weirdX >= 0 and weirdX < len(self.hexagons) and weirdY >= 0 and weirdY < len(self.hexagons):
hexTwo = self.hexagons[weirdX][weirdY]
if hexTwo != None: vertexHexes.append(hexTwo)
if x > 0 and x < len(self.hexagons) and y/2 < len(self.hexagons[x]):
hexThree = self.hexagons[x-1][y/2]
if hexThree != None: vertexHexes.append(hexThree)
return vertexHexes