我不确定为什么这个问题被标记为Why does the order in which libraries are linked sometimes cause errors in GCC?的副本。这个问题和这个问题是两个完全不同的问题。
我在Debian系统上安装了libcppunit-dev
和apt-get
。
$ dpkg -l libcppunit-dev
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========================-==================-==================-==========================================================
ii libcppunit-dev 1.13.2-2.1 amd64 Unit Testing Library for C++
$ dpkg -L libcppunit-dev | grep "libcppunit\."
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcppunit.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcppunit.so
我写了一个简单的测试。由于我现在关心的只是链接cppunit,我还没有测试运行器。暂时忽略测试跑步者的缺乏。这是我的test.cpp
:
#include <cppunit/extensions/HelperMacros.h>
#include <iostream>
class FooTest : public CppUnit::TestFixture
{
protected:
void testFoo()
{
CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(1 + 1, 2);
}
private:
CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE(FooTest);
CPPUNIT_TEST(testFoo);
CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_END();
};
CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION(FooTest);
int main()
{
std::cout << "hello\n";
return 0;
}
动态链接工作正常:
$ g++ -lcppunit test.cpp && ./a.out
hello
静态链接失败:
$ g++ -l:libcppunit.a test.cpp
/tmp/ccwMWIsX.o: In function `CppUnit::AdditionalMessage::~AdditionalMessage()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7CppUnit17AdditionalMessageD2Ev[_ZN7CppUnit17AdditionalMessageD5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `CppUnit::Message::~Message()'
/tmp/ccwMWIsX.o: In function `FooTest::testFoo()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest7testFooEv[_ZN7FooTest7testFooEv]+0x70): undefined reference to `CppUnit::SourceLine::SourceLine(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest7testFooEv[_ZN7FooTest7testFooEv]+0xa5): undefined reference to `CppUnit::SourceLine::~SourceLine()'
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest7testFooEv[_ZN7FooTest7testFooEv]+0xe9): undefined reference to `CppUnit::SourceLine::~SourceLine()'
/tmp/ccwMWIsX.o: In function `FooTest::getTestNamer__()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest14getTestNamer__Ev[_ZN7FooTest14getTestNamer__Ev]+0x41): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TestNamer::TestNamer(std::type_info const&)'
如何确保与cppunit的静态链接成功?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
尝试以其他顺序链接您的程序和库
g++ test.cpp -l:libcppunit.a
或者
g++ test.cpp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcppunit.a
或
g++ test.cpp -static -lcppunit -Wl,-Bdynamic
需要最后-Wl,-Bdynamic
来避免系统库(如libc ++或glibc)的静态链接。