我已经安装了Scrapy，并在python中导入它，每个东西看起来都很好。但是当我在http://scrapy-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/0.24/intro/tutorial.html中尝试一个例子时，它会导致错误。
我跑> 2018-05-14 14:24:16 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.0 started (bot: tutorial)
> 2018-05-14 14:24:16 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 3.2.1.0,
> libxml2 2.9.1, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.4.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted
> 18.4.0, Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 20 2015, 02:00:19) - [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)], pyOpenSSL 0.13.1 (OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11
> Feb 2013), cryptography 0.8.2, Platform
> Linux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.2.1511-Core
> 2018-05-14 14:24:16 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
> {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'tutorial.spiders', 'SPIDER_MODULES':
> ['tutorial.spiders'], 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'BOT_NAME': 'tutorial'}
> Traceback (most recent call last): File
> "/disk1/wulixin/install/bin/scrapy", line 11, in <module>
> sys.exit(execute()) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py",
> line 150, in execute
> _run_print_help(parser, _run_command, cmd, args, opts) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py",
> line 90, in _run_print_help
> func(*a, **kw) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py",
> line 157, in _run_command
> cmd.run(args, opts) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/commands/crawl.py",
> line 57, in run
> self.crawler_process.crawl(spname, **opts.spargs) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/crawler.py",
> line 170, in crawl
> crawler = self.create_crawler(crawler_or_spidercls) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/crawler.py",
> line 198, in create_crawler
> return self._create_crawler(crawler_or_spidercls) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/crawler.py",
> line 203, in _create_crawler
> return Crawler(spidercls, self.settings) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/crawler.py",
> line 55, in __init__
> self.extensions = ExtensionManager.from_crawler(self) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/middleware.py",
> line 58, in from_crawler
> return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings, crawler) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/middleware.py",
> line 34, in from_settings
> mwcls = load_object(clspath) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/utils/misc.py",
> line 44, in load_object
> mod = import_module(module) File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in
> import_module
> __import__(name) File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/extensions/memusage.py",
> line 16, in <module>
> from scrapy.mail import MailSender File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scrapy/mail.py",
> line 25, in <module>
> from twisted.internet import defer, reactor, ssl File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/ssl.py",
> line 230, in <module>
> from twisted.internet._sslverify import ( File "/disk1/wulixin/install/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py",
> line 15, in <module>
> from OpenSSL._util import lib as pyOpenSSLlib ImportError: No module named _util
，然后我得到：
$(this)答案 0 :(得分：12)
你需要升级pyopenssl
sudo pip install pyopenssl --user --upgrade
答案 1 :(得分：1)
如果使用的是最新版本的Twisted。 您可以尝试将Twisted降级：
pip install Twisted==16.4.1
答案 2 :(得分：0)
您不是在激活拼凑的环境
$source activate ScrapyEnvironment
答案 3 :(得分：0)
对于某些Mac OS X用户，这可能无法解决问题，因为较旧版本的pyOpenSSL永远不会卸载。 解决方法是从PyPI a link下载gz文件。然后解压缩压缩文件。导航到它，然后运行以下命令
sudo python setup.py install
然后正确更新pyOpenSSL。
答案 4 :(得分：0)
这是版本问题，请使用代码进行更新：
rho < 1 -> (lambda)/(k*mu) -> k > lambda/mu