我正在寻找python中的一个算法,该算法将返回一个数字列表的所有可能组合,允许重复元素并添加到一定数量......
例如,给定目标数字7和列表[2, 3, 4]
我希望能够生成以下组合:
2, 2, 3
2, 3, 2
3, 2, 2
3, 4
4, 3
我理解如何获得列表的所有可能组合,但我不知道如何以这种方式包含重复项。任何帮助将不胜感激!
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您可以创建递归函数并应用必要的逻辑:
def combinations(d, current=[], sum_to = 7):
if sum(current) == 7:
yield current
else:
for i in d:
if sum(current+[i]) <= 7:
yield from combinations(d, current+[i])
print(list(combinations([2, 3, 4])))
输出:
[[2, 2, 3], [2, 3, 2], [3, 2, 2], [3, 4], [4, 3]]
答案 1 :(得分:0)
这是一个强力解决方案:
def getAllSubsetsWithCertainSum(number_list, target_sum):
matching_numbers = []
def recursion(subset):
for number in number_list:
if sum(subset+[number]) < target_sum:
recursion(subset+[number])
elif sum(subset+[number]) == target_sum:
matching_numbers.append(subset+[number])
recursion([])
return matching_numbers
print(
getAllSubsetsWithCertainSum([2, 3, 4], 7)
)
如果您输入1,它也将返回[1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
答案 2 :(得分:0)
以前答案的变体,但有一个重要区别:我们只找到与目标相加的已排序组合,然后 生成排列。 [2,3,4]
和7
的示例:
[2,2,3]
和[3,4]
[[2, 2, 3], [2, 3, 2], [3, 2, 2], [3, 4], [4, 3]]
。这真的更快。这是代码(permute_unique
取自here并使用列表推导进行优化):
def combinations2(d, sum_to):
def combinations_aux(d, current, sum_to):
for j in range(len(d)):
nex = current+[d[j]]
if sum(nex) == sum_to:
yield nex
elif sum(nex) < sum_to:
yield from combinations_aux(d[j:], nex, sum_to) # d[j:] for elements >= d[j]
def permute_unique(iterable):
# see https://stackoverflow.com/a/39014159/6914441
perms = [[]]
for i in iterable:
perms = [perm[:j] + [i] + perm[j:]
for perm in perms
for j in itertools.takewhile(lambda j:j<1 or perm[j-1] != i, range(len(perm) + 1))
]
return perms
return (p for c in combinations_aux(sorted(set(d)), [], sum_to) for p in permute_unique(c))
基准测试(来自Ajax1234的combinations
):
def one(): return list(combinations([2,3,4,5,6,7], 35))
def two(): return list(combinations2([2,3,4,5,6,7], 35))
assert sorted([tuple(t) for t in one()]) == sorted([tuple(t) for t in two()])
print (timeit.timeit(one, number=10))
# 154.99560340600146
print (timeit.timeit(two, number=10))
# 23.217042586999014