如何将这个复杂的SQL转换为Django模型查询?

时间:2018-05-07 04:45:06

标签: python mysql django

我正在编写一个Python / Django应用程序来进行一些股票分析。

我有两个非常简单的模型,如下所示:

class Stock(models.Model):
    symbol = models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=5, null=False, editable=False, unique=True)

class StockHistory(models.Model):
    stock = models.ForeignKey(Stock, related_name='StockHistory_stock', editable=False)
    trading_date = models.DateField(db_index=True, null=False, editable=False)
    close = models.DecimalField(max_digits=12, db_index=True, decimal_places=5, null=False, editable=False)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ('stock', 'trading_date')

这是我填充的虚拟数据:

import datetime
a = Stock.objects.create(symbol='A')
b = Stock.objects.create(symbol='B')
c = Stock.objects.create(symbol='C')
d = Stock.objects.create(symbol='D')

StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,1,1), close=200, stock=a)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,1,2), close=150, stock=a)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,1,3), close=120, stock=a)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,4,28), close=105, stock=a)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,5,3), close=105, stock=a)

StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2017,5,2), close=400, stock=b)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2017,11,11), close=200, stock=b)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2017,11,12), close=300, stock=b)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2017,11,13), close=400, stock=b)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2017,11,14), close=500, stock=b)

StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,4,28), close=105, stock=c)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,4,29), close=106, stock=c)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,4,30), close=107, stock=c)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,5,1), close=108, stock=c)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,5,2), close=109, stock=c)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,5,3), close=110, stock=c)
StockHistory.objects.create(trading_date=datetime.date(2018,5,4), close=90, stock=c)

我想找到过去一周内年度低点的所有股票。

但是为了使这个问题更简单,假设我想找到'2017-05-04'之后或'2018-04-30'之后发生mysql> select -> s.symbol, -> sh.trading_date, -> low_table.low -> from -> ( -> select -> stock_id, -> min(close) as low -> from -> stocks_stockhistory -> where -> trading_date >= '2017-05-04' -> group by -> stock_id -> ) as low_table, -> stocks_stockhistory as sh, -> stocks_stock as s -> where -> sh.stock_id = low_table.stock_id -> and sh.stock_id = s.id -> and sh.close = low_table.low -> and sh.trading_date >= '2018-04-30' -> order by -> s.symbol asc; +--------+--------------+-----------+ | symbol | trading_date | low | +--------+--------------+-----------+ | A | 2018-05-03 | 105.00000 | | C | 2018-05-04 | 90.00000 | +--------+--------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) 以来最低点的所有股票。下面是我写的SQL来找到它。它有效。

但我需要帮助找出要编写的Django Query以获得与此SQL相同的结果。我该怎么办?

Invalid redeclaration of 'application(_:open:options:)'

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

编辑:我设法使用Django子查询改造解决方案。

我们可以使用Django的aggregates with SubQuery expressions将查询翻译成Django ORM:

  1. 创建子查询以检索每close 的最低symbol

    from django.db.models import OuterRef, Subquery, Min     
    
    lows = StockHistory.objects.filter(
        stock=OuterRef('stock'), 
        trading_date__gte='2017-05-04'
    ).values('stock__symbol')
    .annotate(low=Min('close'))
    .filter(trading_date__gte='2018-04-30')
    
    • <强> 故障:

      • filter查询集只能获得trading_date >= '2017-05-04'
      • 的股票
      • “GROUP BY”stock__symbol(在Djnago中分组的示例:GROUP BY ... MIN/MAXGROUP BY ... COUNT/SUM)。
      • annotate每个元素的最低价格(low)。
      • 再次
      • filter查询集只能获取low上发生trading_date >= '2018-04-30'字段的对象。
    • 中级结果:

      虽然我们无法在此阶段获得结果,但子查询将如下所示:

      [
          {'stock__symbol': 'A', 'low': Decimal('105.00000')},            
          {'stock__symbol': 'C', 'low': Decimal('90.00000')}
      ]
      

      我们错过了trading_date

  2. 利用子查询检索特定的StockHistory个对象:

    StockHistory.objects.filter(
        stock__symbol=Subquery(lows.values('stock__symbol')),
        close=Subquery(lows.values('low')),
        trading_date__gte='2018-04-30'
    ).values('stock__symbol', 'trading_date', 'close')
    .order_by('stock__symbol')
    
    • <强>故障:

      • lows.values('stock__symbol')和lows.values('low')从子查询中检索相应的值。
      • filter针对lows子查询值的查询集。同时filter针对指定日期,以消除在该日期之前发生的低close价格。
      • 获取指定的values
      • stock__symbol排序结果(默认为ascending)。
    • <强>结果:

      [
          {
              'close': Decimal('105.00000'), 
              'trading_date': datetime.date(2018, 5, 3), 
              'stock__symbol': 'A'
          }, 
          {
              'close': Decimal('90.00000'), 
              'trading_date': datetime.date(2018, 5, 4), 
              'stock__symbol': 'C'
          }
      ]
      

答案 1 :(得分:6)

对于较新版本的Django(1.11,2.0):

from django.db.models import Min
low_stocks_qs = StockHistory.objects.filter(trading_date__gt='2017-05-04').annotate(low=Min('close')).filter(trading_date__gte='2018-04-30').order_by('stock__symbol')

您可以遍历查询集以获取low和stock.symbol的单个值,可能是这样的:

low_stocks_dict = {}
for inst in low_stocks_qs:
    low_stocks_dict[inst.stock.Symbol] = inst.low