C ++使用迭代器访问向量的指针元素

时间:2018-05-05 15:53:56

标签: c++

使用下面显示的代码我创建了4个类(3个子类和一个超类),每个类都有相同的print_info()函数。我已经从每个类创建了指针对象,并将它们插入到使用超类创建的向量中。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>

using namespace std;

class Vehicle
{
    private:
        int wheels, max_speed;
        string model;
    public:
        virtual void print_info()
        {
             cout << "This is function print_info() in Vehicle (parent class)" << endl; 
        }
};

class Car: public Vehicle
{
    private:
        int doors, passengers;
    public:
        void print_info()
        {
             cout << "This is function print_info() in Car (child class)" << endl;
        }
};

class Bike: public Vehicle
{
    private:
        string owner;
        bool hasLights;
    public:
        string my_owner();
};

class Truck: public Vehicle
{
    private:
        float cargo_weight;
        int allowed_speed;
    public:
        void print_info()
        {
            cout << "This is function print_info() in Truck (child class)" << endl;
        }
};

int main()
{
    Vehicle *v1 = new Vehicle();
    Vehicle v2;
    Car c1;
    Car c2;
    Bike b1;
    Truck t1;
    Truck t2;

    vector <Vehicle> vvec;
    Vehicle *v = new Vehicle();
    Car *c = new Car();
    Bike *b = new Bike();
    Truck *t = new Truck();
    vvec.push_back(*v);
    vvec.push_back(*c);
    vvec.push_back(*b);
    vvec.push_back(*t);

    vector<Vehicle>::iterator iter = vvec.begin();
    while( iter != vvec.end()) 
    {
        iter->print_info();
        iter++;
    }

    v1 = &v2;
    v1->print_info();
    v1 = &c2;
    v1->print_info();
    v1 = &t2;
    v1->print_info();
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

想要的输出是:

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Car(子类)中的函数print_info

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Truck(子类)中的函数print_info

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Car(子类)中的函数print_info

这是Truck(子类)中的函数print_info

相反,我得到了:

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Vehicle(父类)

中的函数print_info

这是Car(子类)中的函数print_info

这是Truck(子类)中的函数print_info

我认为这是由于早期绑定,但我不知道如何解决这个问题!

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

你需要创建指针vector <Vehicle*> vvec;的向量,当像vvec.push_back(*v);这样的push_back按值传递元素并且它转换为Vehicle时,所以不会有多态性,因为vector的所有元素都只是简单的Vehicle对象,改为:

//...
vector <Vehicle*> vvec;

Vehicle *v = new Vehicle();
Car *c = new Car();
Bike *b = new Bike();
Truck *t = new Truck();
vvec.push_back(v);
vvec.push_back(c);
vvec.push_back(b);
vvec.push_back(t);

vector<Vehicle*>::iterator iter = vvec.begin();
while( iter != vvec.end())
{
    (*iter)->print_info();
    iter++;
}
//...

您的输出将是:

This is function print_info() in Vehicle (parent class)
This is function print_info() in Car (child class)
This is function print_info() in Vehicle (parent class)
This is function print_info() in Truck (child class)
This is function print_info() in Vehicle (parent class)
This is function print_info() in Car (child class)
This is function print_info() in Truck (child class)

答案 1 :(得分:2)

这是object slicing的典型示例。

当您取消引用指针以将其插入向量long[] arr = new long[list.size()]; for (int i=0; i < list.size(); i++) { arr[i] = list.get(i); } 时,将其转换为基类类型。因此,它现在表现为“车辆”。

如果您想获得预期的行为,请尝试使用vvec.push_back(*v)vector <Vehicle*> vvec

答案 2 :(得分:1)

你想要的是多态性,所以你必须存储Vehicle引用或Vehicle指针。而且,由于您无法在vector中存储引用,因此指针是最佳选择。

vector <Vehicle*> vvec;

然后只需按下指针,调用print_info就会触发多态行为

    vvec.push_back(v);
    vvec.push_back(c);
    vvec.push_back(b);
    vvec.push_back(t);

    vector<Vehicle*>::iterator iter = vvec.begin();
    while( iter != vvec.end())
    {
        (*iter)->print_info();
        iter++;
    }