Question

我在Oracle中创建了以下查询，以便从客户返回最近的付款日期和相应的付款金额。它的工作原理是因为我没有包含Amount字段。如果我这样做，每个公司会产生多行。非常感谢提前。

工作（但不包括最近的金额）

SELECT COMPANY_NAME, TERM_CODE, 
MAX(LAST_PYMT) AS LAST_PYMT_REC, 
AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR, OFFSET_BALANCE AS CREDITBAL_W_AP_OFFSETS 
FROM 
(
SELECT COMPANY_NAME,  s2.LAST_PYMT, s2.AMOUNT, 
CURRENT_BALANCE AS AR_BALANCE,
(CURRENT_BALANCE - AP_TOTAL) AS OFFSET_BALANCE,
TERM_CODES.TERM_CODE,
AP_TOTAL,
MAX_CREDIT AS MAX_CREDIT_AR
FROM COMPANIES s1
LEFT OUTER JOIN CTIRELAND.term_codes ON term_codes.tmc_auto_key = s1.tmc_auto_key

inner join
(
  select CR_DETAIL.ENTRY_DATE LAST_PYMT, MAX(CR_DETAIL.CRD_AUTO_KEY),
    CR_DETAIL.AMOUNT, CR_DETAIL.CMP_AUTO_KEY
  from CR_DETAIL
  GROUP BY CR_DETAIL.CRD_AUTO_KEY, CR_DETAIL.CMP_AUTO_KEY, CR_DETAIL.ENTRY_DATE, CR_DETAIL.AMOUNT
) s2
  on s1.CMP_AUTO_KEY = s2.CMP_AUTO_KEY 

  ORDER BY s1.company_name
  )
  GROUP BY COMPANY_NAME, AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR, OFFSET_BALANCE, TERM_CODE
  ORDER BY AR_BALANCE DESC

不工作（返回每家公司的每笔金额而不仅仅是最近的金额）

SELECT COMPANY_NAME, TERM_CODE, 
MAX(LAST_PYMT) AS LAST_PYMT_REC, AMOUNT, 
AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR, OFFSET_BALANCE AS CREDITBAL_W_AP_OFFSETS 
FROM 
(
SELECT COMPANY_NAME,  s2.LAST_PYMT, s2.AMOUNT, 
CURRENT_BALANCE AS AR_BALANCE,
(CURRENT_BALANCE - AP_TOTAL) AS OFFSET_BALANCE,
TERM_CODES.TERM_CODE,
AP_TOTAL,
MAX_CREDIT AS MAX_CREDIT_AR
FROM COMPANIES s1
LEFT OUTER JOIN CTIRELAND.term_codes ON term_codes.tmc_auto_key = s1.tmc_auto_key

inner join
(
  select CR_DETAIL.ENTRY_DATE LAST_PYMT, MAX(CR_DETAIL.CRD_AUTO_KEY),
    CR_DETAIL.AMOUNT, CR_DETAIL.CMP_AUTO_KEY
  from CR_DETAIL
  GROUP BY CR_DETAIL.CRD_AUTO_KEY, CR_DETAIL.CMP_AUTO_KEY, CR_DETAIL.ENTRY_DATE, CR_DETAIL.AMOUNT
) s2
  on s1.CMP_AUTO_KEY = s2.CMP_AUTO_KEY 

ORDER BY s1.company_name
  )
  GROUP BY COMPANY_NAME, AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR, OFFSET_BALANCE, TERM_CODE, AMOUNT
  ORDER BY AR_BALANCE DESC

Answer 1

尝试以下代码，希望它能解决您的要求。我添加了一个排名，根据最后一个付款日期查找排名，然后我在排名上过滤您的数据，这样您就可以得到所有其他列的排名=＆＃34; 1＆＃34;从下面的代码。

select COMPANY_NAME, TERM_CODE, LAST_PYMT LAST_PYMT_REC, AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR,CREDITBAL_W_AP_OFFSETS
(SELECT  COMPANY_NAME, TERM_CODE, LAST_PYMT LAST_PYMT_REC, AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR, OFFSET_BALANCE AS CREDITBAL_W_AP_OFFSETS,
        rank() over (partition by COMPANY_NAME, AR_BALANCE, MAX_CREDIT_AR, OFFSET_BALANCE, TERM_CODE order by last_pymt desc) rn 
FROM 
    (SELECT COMPANY_NAME,  s2.LAST_PYMT, s2.AMOUNT, CURRENT_BALANCE AS AR_BALANCE, (CURRENT_BALANCE - AP_TOTAL) AS OFFSET_BALANCE,
            TERM_CODES.TERM_CODE,AP_TOTAL,MAX_CREDIT AS MAX_CREDIT_AR
    FROM COMPANIES s1
    LEFT OUTER JOIN CTIRELAND.term_codes ON term_codes.tmc_auto_key = s1.tmc_auto_key
    inner join
    (
      select CR_DETAIL.ENTRY_DATE LAST_PYMT, MAX(CR_DETAIL.CRD_AUTO_KEY),
        CR_DETAIL.AMOUNT, CR_DETAIL.CMP_AUTO_KEY
      from CR_DETAIL
      GROUP BY CR_DETAIL.CRD_AUTO_KEY, CR_DETAIL.CMP_AUTO_KEY, CR_DETAIL.ENTRY_DATE, CR_DETAIL.AMOUNT
    ) s2
      on s1.CMP_AUTO_KEY = s2.CMP_AUTO_KEY 
      ORDER BY s1.company_name)
) m
where m.rn = 1
ORDER BY AR_BALANCE DESC;

Answer 2

当编写一个与问题中的查询一样复杂的查询时，很容易出错（或两个）。由于我们手头没有任何真实的休息数据，我宁愿给你一个简化的例子，当你将所提出的原则应用到你自己的查询中时，应该允许你自己找到正确的解决方案。正如@Vivek所建议的那样，使用分析函数（参见documentation和examples）将是获得所需结果集的一种方法。

测试表

-- helper table
create table T
as
select 
  level as companyid
from dual
connect by level <= 4 ;

-- table used for queries
create table T2
as
select 
  A.companyid
, trunc( dbms_random.value * 1000 ) as amount
, to_date( trunc( dbms_random.value( 2446081, 2458243 ) ), 'J' ) paymentdate
from T A, T B ;

数据

SQL> select * from T2 order by companyid, paymentdate desc ; COMPANYID AMOUNT PAYMENTDATE 1 766 27-MAY-95 -- <- required 1 198 12-APR-90 1 554 05-AUG-89 1 82 27-FEB-87 2 195 07-AUG-07 -- <- required 2 623 07-OCT-03 2 903 01-NOV-93 2 519 09-NOV-88 3 561 27-JUN-97 -- <- required 3 335 05-SEP-92 3 327 25-JAN-87 3 967 04-AUG-85 4 623 10-APR-17 -- <- required 4 912 24-FEB-12 4 385 08-APR-01 4 708 10-MAR-87 16 rows selected.

问题是：我们想要为每个公司提供最新的PAYMENTDATE，包括其AMOUNT - 类似于以下查询，这不起作用......

select companyid , max( paymentdate ) , amount -- cannot get the amount of the last payment(date) from T2 group by companyid ; -- ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression

如果我们现在向GROUP BY子句添加更多列，我们会得到太多组（就像它一样）。当您刚刚将AMOUNT列添加到SELECT和GROUP BY子句时，就会发生这种情况。

-- if we code -- ... group by companyid, paymentdate, amount -- then we get all rows (again) -> no use select companyid , max( paymentdate ) , amount from T2 group by companyid, paymentdate, amount ; -- 16 rows selected. (output omitted)

使用分析函数允许我们通过编写（partition by ...）以不同的方式“分组”行。请注意，此查询中缺少GROUP BY子句。我们得到了所需的PAYMENTDATE等。

select distinct companyid , max( paymentdate ) over ( partition by companyid ) mostrecentpayment , first_value( amount ) over ( partition by companyid order by paymentdate desc ) amount from T2 order by companyid ; -- result COMPANYID MOSTRECENTPAYMENT AMOUNT 1 27-MAY-95 766 2 07-AUG-07 195 3 27-JUN-97 561 4 10-APR-17 623

使用@ Vivek的方法，对于相同的测试表（结果集与上面相同）：

select companyid , paymentdate , amount from ( select companyid , paymentdate , rank() over ( partition by companyid order by paymentdate desc ) rank_ , amount from T2 ) where rank_ = 1 ; COMPANYID PAYMENTDATE AMOUNT 1 27-MAY-95 766 2 07-AUG-07 195 3 27-JUN-97 561 4 10-APR-17 623

使用Oracle 12c进行测试。注意：T2中的值是随机的！

SQL - 返回最近的付款日期和金额

2 个答案: