Question

我编写了一个SQL函数，用于将SQL中的日期时间值转换为更友好的“n Hours Ago”或“n Days Ago”等类型的消息。我想知道是否有更好的方法来做到这一点。

（是的，我知道“不要在SQL中这样做”，但出于设计原因，我必须这样做）。

这是我写的函数：

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetFriendlyDateTimeValue
(
    @CompareDate DateTime
)
RETURNS nvarchar(48)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @Now DateTime
    DECLARE @Hours int
        DECLARE @Suff nvarchar(256)
    DECLARE @Found bit

    SET @Found = 0
    SET @Now = getDate()
    SET @Hours = DATEDIFF(MI, @CompareDate, @Now)/60

    IF @Hours <= 1
    BEGIN
        SET @Suff = 'Just Now'
        SET @Found = 1
        RETURN @Suff
    END

    IF @Hours < 24
    BEGIN
        SET @Suff = ' Hours Ago'
        SET @Found = 1
    END

    IF @Hours >= 8760 AND @Found = 0
    BEGIN
        SET @Hours = @Hours / 8760
        SET @Suff = ' Years Ago'
        SET @Found = 1
    END

    IF @Hours >= 720 AND @Found = 0
    BEGIN
        SET @Hours = @Hours / 720
        SET @Suff = ' Months Ago'
        SET @Found = 1
    END

    IF @Hours >= 168 AND @Found = 0
    BEGIN
        SET @Hours = @Hours / 168
        SET @Suff = ' Weeks Ago'
        SET @Found = 1
    END

    IF @Hours >= 24 AND @Found = 0
    BEGIN
        SET @Hours = @Hours / 24
        SET @Suff = ' Days Ago'
        SET @Found = 1
    END

    RETURN Convert(nvarchar, @Hours) + @Suff
END

Answer 1

正如你所说，我可能不会在SQL中这样做，但是作为思考练习有一个MySQL实现：

CASE
    WHEN compare_date between date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 60 minute) and now() 
        THEN concat(minute(TIMEDIFF(now(), compare_date)), ' minutes ago')

    WHEN datediff(now(), compare_date) = 1 
        THEN 'Yesterday'

    WHEN compare_date between date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 24 hour) and now() 
        THEN concat(hour(TIMEDIFF(NOW(), compare_date)), ' hours ago')

    ELSE concat(datediff(now(), compare_date),' days ago')
END

基于MySQL Date and Time手册页上的类似样本

Answer 2

在Oracle中：

select
  CC.MOD_DATETIME,
  'Last modified ' ||
  case when (sysdate - cc.mod_datetime) < 1
       then round((sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME)*24) || ' hours ago'
       when (sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) between 1 and 7
       then round(sysdate-CC.MOD_DATETIME) || ' days ago'
       when (sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) between 8 and 365
       then round((sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) / 7) || ' weeks ago'
       when (sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) > 365   
       then round((sysdate - CC.MOD_DATETIME) / 365) || ' years ago'
       end
from 
  customer_catalog CC

Answer 3

我的尝试 - 这是针对MS SQL的。它支持'前'和'从现在'，复数，它不使用舍入或约会，但截断 - 约会在8/30和9/1之间给出1个月的差异，这可能不是你想要的。舍入在9/1和9/16之间提供1个月的差异。再一次，可能不是你想要的。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetFriendlyDateTimeValue( @CompareDate DATETIME ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(48) AS BEGIN
declare @s nvarchar(48)
set @s='Now'
select top 1 @s=convert(nvarchar,abs(n))+' '+s+case when abs(n)>1 then 's' else '' end+case when n>0 then ' ago' else ' from now' end from (
 select convert(int,(convert(float,(getdate()-@comparedate))*n)) as n, s from (
  select 1/365 as n, 'Year' as s union all
  select 1/30, 'Month' union all
  select 1, 'Day' union all
  select 7, 'Week' union all
  select 24, 'Hour' union all
  select 24*60, 'Minute' union all
  select 24*60*60, 'Second'
 ) k
) j where abs(n)>0 order by abs(n)
return @s
END

Answer 4

您的代码看起来很实用。至于更好的方式，那将是主观的。您可能想要查看此page，因为它处理SQL中的时间跨度。

Answer 5

这个怎么样？您可以扩展此模式以执行“年”消息，并且您可以检查“1天”或“1小时”，因此它不会说“1天前”......

我喜欢SQL中的CASE语句。

drop function dbo.time_diff_message    
GO

create function dbo.time_diff_message (
    @input_date datetime
)
returns varchar(200)    
as    
begin    
declare @msg varchar(200)    
declare @hourdiff int

set @hourdiff = datediff(hour, @input_date, getdate())    
set @msg = case when @hourdiff < 0 then ' from now' else ' ago' end    
set @hourdiff = abs(@hourdiff)    
set @msg = case when @hourdiff > 24 then convert(varchar, @hourdiff/24) + ' days' + @msg
                else convert(varchar, @hourdiff) + ' hours' + @msg
            end

return @msg
end

GO    
select dbo.time_diff_message('Dec 7 1941')

Answer 6

感谢上面发布的各种代码。

正如Hafthor指出的那样，原始代码与舍入有限制。我还发现他的代码被踢出的一些结果与我所期望的结果不符。星期五下午 - ＆gt;星期一早上会显示为“2天前”。我想我们都会在3天前打电话给我们，即使已经完成了3个完整的24小时。

所以我修改了代码（这是MS SQL）。免责声明：我是新手TSQL编码器，所以这很黑，但有效!!

我做了一些改写 - 例如任何长达2周的东西都以天为单位表示。超过2个月的任何事情都以数周表示。任何事情都是在几个月之内等等。看起来就像表达它的直观方式。

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetFriendlyDateTimeValue]( @CompareDate DATETIME ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(48) AS BEGIN
declare @s nvarchar(48)

set @s='Now'
select top 1 @s=convert(nvarchar,abs(n))+' '+s+case when abs(n)>1 then 's' else '' end+case when n>0 then ' ago' else ' from now' end from (
 select convert(int,(convert(float,(getdate()-@comparedate))*n)) as n, s from (
  select 1/365 as n, 'year' as s union all
  select 1/30, 'month' union all
  select 1/7, 'week' union all
  select 1, 'day' union all
  select 24, 'hour' union all
  select 24*60, 'minute' union all
  select 24*60*60, 'second'
 ) k
) j where abs(n)>0 order by abs(n)

if @s like '%days%'
BEGIN
 -- if over 2 months ago then express in months
 IF convert(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(MM, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) >= 2
 BEGIN
  select @s = convert(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(MM, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) + ' months ago'
 END

 -- if over 2 weeks ago then express in weeks, otherwise express as days
 ELSE IF convert(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(DD, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) >= 14
 BEGIN
  select @s = convert(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(WK, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) + ' weeks ago'
 END

 ELSE
  select @s = convert(nvarchar,DATEDIFF(DD, @CompareDate, GETDATE())) + ' days ago'
END

return @s
END

Answer 7

上面的帖子给了我一些好主意，所以这里是使用SQL Server 2012的任何人的另一个功能。

    CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[FN_TIME_ELAPSED] 
    (
        @TIMESTAMP DATETIME
    )
    RETURNS VARCHAR(50)
    AS
    BEGIN

    RETURN 
    (
        SELECT TIME_ELAPSED = 
            CASE
                WHEN @TIMESTAMP IS NULL THEN NULL
                WHEN MINUTES_AGO < 60 THEN CONCAT(MINUTES_AGO, ' minutes ago')
                WHEN HOURS_AGO < 24 THEN CONCAT(HOURS_AGO, ' hours ago')
                WHEN DAYS_AGO < 365 THEN CONCAT(DAYS_AGO, ' days ago')
                ELSE CONCAT(YEARS_AGO, ' years ago') END
        FROM ( SELECT MINUTES_AGO = DATEDIFF(MINUTE, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_MIN
        CROSS APPLY ( SELECT HOURS_AGO = DATEDIFF(HOUR, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_HOUR
        CROSS APPLY ( SELECT DAYS_AGO = DATEDIFF(DAY, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_DAY
        CROSS APPLY ( SELECT YEARS_AGO = DATEDIFF(YEAR, @TIMESTAMP, GETDATE()) ) TIMESPAN_YEAR
    )
    END
    GO

实施：

    SELECT TIME_ELAPSED = DBO.FN_TIME_ELAPSED(AUDIT_TIMESTAMP)
    FROM SOME_AUDIT_TABLE

在SQL中将DateTime转换为“n Hours Ago”的最佳方法

7 个答案: