如何使用Swift KeyPath的异构数组

时间:2018-05-02 13:50:11

标签: swift sorting generics keypaths

似乎应该可以使用KeyPath s数组作为排序键,使用任意数量的排序键对Swift结构数组进行排序。  从概念上讲,它很简单。您可以为一般对象定义一个KeyPath数组,其中唯一的限制是keypath中的属性为Comparable

只要所有KeyPath都指向同一类型的属性,一切都很好。但是,只要您尝试将指向不同类型元素的KeyPaths用于数组,它就会停止工作。

请参阅下面的代码。我创建了一个带有2个Int属性和double属性的简单结构。我创建了一个实现函数sortedByKeypaths(_:)的Array扩展  该函数指定了Comparable的泛型类型PROPERTY。它需要一些kepath到一些对象Element,它指定了PROPERTY类型的属性。 (可比性质。)

只要您使用KeyPaths数组将该函数调用到所有相同类型的属性,它就能完美运行。

但是,如果尝试将键路径数组传递给不同类型的属性,则会引发错误  "无法转换类型' [PartialKeyPath]'预期参数类型' [KeyPath]'"

因为数组包含异构键路径,所以由于类型擦除,数组会转换为键入' [PartialKeyPath]`,并且您无法使用PartialKeyPath从数组中获取元素。

这个问题有解决方法吗?无法使用各种各样的KeyPaths似乎严重限制了Swift KeyPaths的实用性

import UIKit

struct Stuff {
    let value: Int
    let value2: Int
    let doubleValue: Double
}

extension Array {

    func sortedByKeypaths<PROPERTY: Comparable>(_ keypaths: [KeyPath<Element, PROPERTY>]) -> [Element] {
        return self.sorted { lhs, rhs in
            var keypaths = keypaths
            while !keypaths.isEmpty {
                let keypath = keypaths.removeFirst()
                if lhs[keyPath: keypath] != rhs[keyPath: keypath] {
                    return lhs[keyPath: keypath] < rhs[keyPath: keypath]
                }
            }
            return true
        }
    }
}

var stuff = [Stuff]()

for _ in 1...20 {
    stuff.append(Stuff(value: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                       value2: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                 doubleValue: Double(arc4random_uniform(10))))
}

let  sortedStuff = stuff.sortedByKeypaths([\Stuff.value, \Stuff.value2]) //This works
sortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

let  moreSortedStuff = stuff.sortedByKeypaths([\Stuff.value, \Stuff.doubleValue]) //This throws a compiler error
moreSortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

使用部分密钥路径数组的问题是您无法保证属性类型为Comparable。一种可能的解决方案是使用类型擦除包装器来擦除键路径的值类型,同时确保它是Comparable

struct PartialComparableKeyPath<Root> {

  private let _isEqual: (Root, Root) -> Bool
  private let _isLessThan: (Root, Root) -> Bool

  init<Value : Comparable>(_ keyPath: KeyPath<Root, Value>) {
    self._isEqual = { $0[keyPath: keyPath] == $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
    self._isLessThan = { $0[keyPath: keyPath] < $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
  }

  func isEqual(_ lhs: Root, _ rhs: Root) -> Bool {
    return _isEqual(lhs, rhs)
  }

  func isLessThan(_ lhs: Root, _ rhs: Root) -> Bool {
    return _isLessThan(lhs, rhs)
  }
}

然后你可以将你的排序功能实现为:

extension Sequence {

  func sorted(by keyPaths: PartialComparableKeyPath<Element>...) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      for keyPath in keyPaths {
        if !keyPath.isEqual(lhs, rhs) {
          return keyPath.isLessThan(lhs, rhs)
        }
      }
      return false
    }
  }
}

然后像这样使用:

struct Stuff {
  let value: Int
  let value2: Int
  let doubleValue: Double
}

var stuff = [Stuff]()

for _ in 1 ... 20 {
  stuff.append(Stuff(value: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                     value2: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                     doubleValue: Double(arc4random_uniform(10))))
}


let sortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: PartialComparableKeyPath(\.value),
                                   PartialComparableKeyPath(\.value2))
sortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

let moreSortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: PartialComparableKeyPath(\.value),
                                       PartialComparableKeyPath(\.doubleValue))
moreSortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

虽然不幸的是,这需要将每个单独的密钥路径包装在PartialComparableKeyPath值中,以便捕获和擦除密钥路径的值类型,这并不是特别漂亮。

这里我们需要的功能是variadic generics,它可以让你在关键路径的值类型的可变数量的通用占位符上定义你的函数,每个占位符都限制在Comparable

在此之前,另一种选择是为不同数量的密钥路径编写给定数量的重载进行比较:

extension Sequence {
  func sorted<A : Comparable>(by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      lhs[keyPath: keyPathA] < rhs[keyPath: keyPathA]
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable, D : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>, _ keyPathD: KeyPath<Element, D>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC], lhs[keyPath: keyPathD]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC], rhs[keyPath: keyPathD])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable, D : Comparable, E : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>, _ keyPathD: KeyPath<Element, D>, _ keyPathE: KeyPath<Element, E>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC], lhs[keyPath: keyPathD], lhs[keyPath: keyPathE]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC], rhs[keyPath: keyPathD], rhs[keyPath: keyPathE])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable, D : Comparable, E : Comparable, F : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>, _ keyPathD: KeyPath<Element, D>, _ keyPathE: KeyPath<Element, E>, _ keyPathF: KeyPath<Element, F>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC], lhs[keyPath: keyPathD], lhs[keyPath: keyPathE], lhs[keyPath: keyPathF]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC], rhs[keyPath: keyPathD], rhs[keyPath: keyPathE], rhs[keyPath: keyPathF])
    }
  }
}

我已将它们定义为最多6个关键路径,这对于大多数排序案例应该足够了。我们在这里利用了<的词典元组比较重载,同时也展示了here

虽然实施不是很好,但现在呼叫站点看起来好多了,因为它让你说:

let sortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: \.value, \.value2)
sortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

let moreSortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: \.value, \.doubleValue)
moreSortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }