我想知道如何导出一个DLL(使用__declspec(dllexport)
- 所以,Windows,使用MSVC)和一个具有抽象基类(智能指针 - )作为参数的成员函数
目前,我收到错误C2280:std::unique_ptr<Base>...
尝试引用已删除的功能。这是一个例子:
DLL:
class.h
#ifdef DLLFILE //defined in MSVC for compiling DLL, not defined for exe
#define DLLEXP __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define DLLEXP __declspec(dllimport)
#endif /* DLLFILE */
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <functional>
class DLLEXP Base
{ //Base class that provides a pure virtual interface to a function that could have a variety of implementations
public:
virtual double fieldAtS(double s) = 0;
};
class DLLEXP Derived : public Base
{ //Some derived implementation of Base
private:
std::function<double(double)> fcn_m;
public:
Derived(std::function<double(double)> fcn);
double fieldAtS(double s) override;
};
class DLLEXP Container
{ //Container class that stores implementations of Derived and determines the sum of all implementations
private:
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base>> elems_m;
public:
void add(std::unique_ptr<Base> ptr);
double fieldAtS(double s);
};
class.cpp
#include "class.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
Derived::Derived(std::function<double(double)> fcn) : fcn_m{ fcn }
{
}
double Derived::fieldAtS(double s)
{
return fcn_m(s);
}
void Container::add(std::unique_ptr<Base> ptr)
{
elems_m.push_back(std::move(ptr));
}
double Container::fieldAtS(double s)
{
double ret{ 0.0 };
for (auto& der : elems_m)
ret += der->fieldAtS(s);
return ret;
}
EXE:
的main.cpp
#include "class.h"
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::unique_ptr<Container> mine{ std::make_unique<Container>() };
mine->add(std::make_unique<Derived>([](double x) { return 10.0 * x; }));
mine->add(std::make_unique<Derived>([](double x) { return x; }));
mine->add(std::make_unique<Derived>([](double x) { return x / 10.0; }));
std::cout << mine->fieldAtS(5.0) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
我想我得到了这里发生的事情(检查我的理解)...即,编译器正在编译Container::add(unique_ptr<Base>)
并且因为指定了dllexport,所以unique_ptr<Base>
的字节码版本必须是包含在DLL中(而不是依赖它在运行时创建 - 这是怎么回事?),由于Base
中的纯虚函数,编译器无法做到这一点。我是在正确的轨道上吗?
我的目标是:
fieldAtS
的多态性 - 也就是说,我希望能够在运行时选择一些字段模型(并在适当的时候,将多个添加到Container
/求和它们以获得来自所有元素的总字段)所以有几个问题:
dllexport
?编辑:构建日志/更新信息
似乎错误引用了默认的复制构造函数:Base& Base::operator=(const Base&) = delete;
...所以,如果我{m} dllexport
,我必须明确声明一个复制构造函数?
构建日志如下:
1>------ Rebuild All started: Project: DLL, Configuration: Release x64 ------
1> dllmain.cpp
1>%BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(18): warning C4251: 'Derived::fcn_m': class 'std::function<double (double)>' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'Derived'
1> %BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(18): note: see declaration of 'std::function<double (double)>'
1>%BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(28): warning C4251: 'Container::elems_m': class 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'Container'
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
1> %BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(28): note: see declaration of 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>'
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
1>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\xutility(2316): error C2280: 'std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>> &std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>::operator =(const std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>> &)': attempting to reference a deleted function
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
1> C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\memory(1436): note: see declaration of 'std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>::operator ='
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
1> C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\xutility(2335): note: see reference to function template instantiation '_OutIt std::_Copy_unchecked1<_InIt,_OutIt>(_InIt,_InIt,_OutIt,std::_General_ptr_iterator_tag)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _OutIt=std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<Base>> *,
1> _InIt=std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<Base>> *
1> ]
1> C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\vector(997): note: see reference to function template instantiation '_OutIt *std::_Copy_unchecked<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>*,std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>*>(_InIt,_InIt,_OutIt)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _OutIt=std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<Base>> *,
1> _Ty=Base,
1> _InIt=std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<Base>> *
1> ]
1> C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\include\vector(980): note: while compiling class template member function 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>> &std::vector<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>::operator =(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>> &)'
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
1> %BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(33): note: see reference to function template instantiation 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>> &std::vector<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>::operator =(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>> &)' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
1> %BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(28): note: see reference to class template instantiation 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>' being compiled
1> with
1> [
1> _Ty=Base
1> ]
2>------ Rebuild All started: Project: ClassExport, Configuration: Release x64 ------
2> main.cpp
2>%BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(18): warning C4251: 'Derived::fcn_m': class 'std::function<double (double)>' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'Derived'
2> %BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(18): note: see declaration of 'std::function<double (double)>'
2>%BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(28): warning C4251: 'Container::elems_m': class 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'Container'
2> with
2> [
2> _Ty=Base
2> ]
2> %BASEFOLDER%\include\class.h(28): note: see declaration of 'std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Base,std::default_delete<_Ty>>,std::allocator<std::unique_ptr<_Ty,std::default_delete<_Ty>>>>'
2> with
2> [
2> _Ty=Base
2> ]
2>LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'class.lib'
========== Rebuild All: 0 succeeded, 2 failed, 0 skipped ==========
答案 0 :(得分:0)
我不是100%确定我的解释是正确的,但我相信原因是不同的。注意问题是在导出类时,而不是导入它。如果你删除了dllexport,一切都会顺利,但你会遇到链接器问题。
原因是您告诉编译器导出所有类函数,并且显然包括默认函数(默认构造函数,默认复制构造函数等)。这里的问题是operator=
和复制构造函数,因为它们不能存在于您的类中,因为std::unique_ptr<Base>
不可复制。解决方案是删除它们,如下所示:
class DLLEXP Container
{
public:
Container();
Container(const Container&) = delete;
Container& operator=(const Container&) = delete;
}
在普通代码(没有DLL)中,只要尝试使用复制构造函数,就会遇到同样的问题。但在这种情况下,你会很早就得到错误。
另请注意: