我有一个向量的ArrayList,我试图找到所有可能的不同路径(不重复相同的节点)。但ArrayList保留路径记录似乎是共享的,因此泄漏所有路径。我的问题是,是否有一个替代列表类型,我应该使用哪个阻止这个?感谢。
可用路径是(A-> B,B-> C,C-> D,D-> A,A-> C)
首先,我决定只处理起始节点A的路径。
输出应为:
ABCD
ACD
我已经使用其他输出编写了下面的代码,以检查正在进行的操作,因为它无法正常工作。以下代码的输出是:
上一个矢量:SA
矢量历史大小:1
下一个矢量:AB
上一个矢量:AB
矢量历史大小:2
下一个载体:BC
上一个载体:BC
矢量历史大小:3
下一个载体:CD
上一个载体:CD
矢量历史大小:4
下一个矢量:DA
循环 - ABCDA
ABCDA
ABC
AB
矢量历史大小:4
下一个矢量:AC
循环 - AC
AC
正如您所看到的,while循环的第二次迭代中的最后4行是错误的,因为向量历史记录大小应该是1(仅SA)和" C"之前不应该访问过,但不知何故,来自第一个while循环递归的向量历史的ArrayList已经泄露了。是否会发生这种情况以及有哪些替代方案?
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<vector> vectorList = new ArrayList();
vectorList.add(new vector("A", "B"));
vectorList.add(new vector("B", "C"));
vectorList.add(new vector("C", "D"));
vectorList.add(new vector("D", "A"));
vectorList.add(new vector("A", "C"));
//to record vector history and initialize the start vector
ArrayList<vector> vectorHistory = new ArrayList();
//record the path
String path = "";
//method call
pathFinder(new vector("S", "A"), vectorHistory, vectorList, path);
}
//Recursive method. moves one node forward until there is no more nodes OR the next node is the same as a previously taken node
public static void pathFinder(vector prevVector, ArrayList<vector> vectorHistory, ArrayList<vector> vectorList, String path) {
vectorHistory.add(prevVector);
//add the current node to the path
path = path + prevVector.child;
System.out.println("Previous vector: "+ prevVector.parent+prevVector.child);
// search if there is a next node. looped to search all possible paths
while (vectorList.contains(prevVector)) {
System.out.println("vector history size: "+ vectorHistory.size());
//retrieve the next vector
vector nextVector = vectorList.get(vectorList.indexOf(prevVector));
System.out.println("Next vector: " + nextVector.parent + nextVector.child);
//remove current node so while loop can move to another possible path
vectorList.remove(vectorList.indexOf(prevVector));
//check if the next node has already been visited before
if (vectorHistory.contains(nextVector)) {
path=path+nextVector.child;
System.out.println("Looped - " + path);
} else {
pathFinder(nextVector, vectorHistory, vectorList, path);
}
}
System.out.println(path);
}
/*object vector */
public static class vector {
String parent, child;
public vector(String parent, String child) {
this.parent = parent;
this.child = child;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
vector x = (vector) o;
if (x.parent.equalsIgnoreCase(child)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
Java是&#34;传递价值&#34;所以它传递了实际对象的引用的副本。但是在使用集合时理解它有点奇怪,因为发送的引用副本指向与原始集合相同的内存!
因此,如果将列表传递给方法并修改列表中的方法,则会修改原始列表。
例如:
method b(List aList){
aList.add(new Object());
}
method c(List aList){
aList=new ArrayList ();
aList.add(new Object());
}
List a=new ArrayList();
b(a); -> it will add an object to a;
c(a); -> it will not add an object to a or modify it in any way
所以在你打电话的情况下
pathFinder(nextVector, vectorHistory, vectorList, path);
你没有得到那个&#34; stack&#34;您希望通过递归的行为,因为路径查找器的后继调用会修改先前的列表。
你可以像这样修改你的电话:
pathFinder(nextVector, new ArrayList<>(vectorHistory), new ArrayList<>(vectorList), path);
为了避免这个问题,但每次都会丢失一些额外的内存复制整个列表;)并且它仍然无法获得你想要的结果,因为我猜你在算法中有另一个错误。
你的程序看起来很奇怪;)你用矢量相等的魔法并不好,因为你实际上无法比较两个相等的物体。例如,您的代码AB与AB不同(事实并非如此)。因此,对于你曾经去过的地方,你不需要向量而是积分。所以这里有一点修改过的程序只是为了说明我的意思。它还远非完美:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<MyVector> vectorList = new ArrayList<MyVector>();
vectorList.add(new MyVector("A", "B"));
vectorList.add(new MyVector("B", "C"));
vectorList.add(new MyVector("C", "D"));
vectorList.add(new MyVector("D", "A"));
vectorList.add(new MyVector("A", "C"));
List<String> pointsHistory=new ArrayList<String>();
//to record points that have been visited
//record the path
String path = "";
//method call
pathFinder(new MyVector(null, "A"), pointsHistory, vectorList, path);
}
//Recursive method. moves one node forward until there is no more nodes OR the next node is the same as a previously taken node
public static void pathFinder(MyVector prevVector, List<String> pointsHistory, List<MyVector> vectorList, String path) {
pointsHistory.add(prevVector.child);
//add the current node to the path
path = path + prevVector.child;
// search if there is a next node. looped to search all possible paths -> no need to do magic with equals
for(MyVector vector:vectorList)
if(vector.parent.equals(prevVector.child)) {
System.out.println("Next vector: " + vector.parent + vector.child);
if (pointsHistory.contains(vector.child)) {
System.out.println("Result " + path); //You get the end result here -> if we have reached a loop
} else {
pointsHistory.add(vector.child);
pathFinder(vector, new ArrayList<>(pointsHistory), vectorList, path);
}
}
}
/*object vector */
public static class MyVector {
String parent, child;
public MyVector(String parent, String child) {
this.parent = parent;
this.child = child;
}
}
}
您将获得您想要的结果。看看我如何复制访问过的点:pathFinder(vector,new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(pointsHistory),vectorList,path);为了那项工作。请用大写字母命名你的课程。