我想测试下面的类,但是I / O和密封的类依赖性使它变得非常困难。
public class ImageDrawingCombiner
{
/// <summary>
/// Save image to a specified location in path
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">Location to save the image</param>
/// <param name="surface">The image as canvas</param>
public void CombineDrawingsIntoImage(Uri path, Canvas surface)
{
Size size = new Size(surface.ActualWidth, surface.ActualHeight);
// Create a render bitmap and push the surface to it
RenderTargetBitmap renderBitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap(
(int)size.Width, (int)size.Height, 96d, 96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
renderBitmap.Render(surface);
SaveBitmapAsPngImage(path, renderBitmap);
}
// SaveBitmapAsPngImage(path, renderBitmap);
private void SaveBitmapAsPngImage(Uri path, RenderTargetBitmap renderBitmap)
{
// Create a file stream for saving image
using (FileStream outStream = new FileStream(path.LocalPath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
{
// Use png encoder for our data
PngBitmapEncoder encoder = new PngBitmapEncoder();
// push the rendered bitmap to it
encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(renderBitmap));
// save the data to the stream
encoder.Save(outStream);
}
}
}
稍微重构了SaveBitmapAsPngImage方法:
// SaveBitmapAsPngImage(path, renderBitmap, new PngBitmapEncoder());
public void SaveBitmapAsPngImage(Uri path, BitmapSource renderBitmap, BitmapEncoder pngBitmapEncoder)
{
// Create a file stream for saving image
using (FileStream outStream = new FileStream(path.LocalPath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
{
// Use png encoder for our data
// push the rendered bitmap to it
pngBitmapEncoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(renderBitmap));
// save the data to the stream
pngBitmapEncoder.Save(outStream);
}
公开让它可测试(代码味道?)。它仍在使用FileStream。有人会建议用MemoryStream和/或Factory模式替换它,但最后它必须保存到图像文件的某个地方。
即使我用包装器或接口(SystemInterface)替换所有基于I / O的调用: - 实例应该在哪里初始化?在复合根?泡泡了很多...... - 如何避免使用DI的“最多3个构造函数参数”规则? - 对于这个简单的功能来说,这听起来很多
测试应确保生成图像文件。
编辑: 试图运行@Nkosi Moq测试,但它需要修复。取代:
var renderBitmap = new Canvas();
使用:
Size renderSize = new Size(100, 50);
var renderBitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap(
(int)renderSize.Width, (int)renderSize.Height, 96d, 96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
测试结果:
BitmapServiceTest.BitmapService_Should_SaveBitmapAsPngImage投掷 exception:System.IO.IOException:无法从流中读取。 ---&GT; System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException:来自HRESULT的异常: 0x88982F72 在System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapEncoder.Save(Stream stream)
似乎编码器对模拟的Moq流不满意。 PngBitmapEncoder依赖性是否也应该通过注入方法(并在测试中模拟)?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
这完全是设计问题。尽量避免与实现问题紧密耦合(类应该依赖于抽象而不是结果)。
根据您当前的设计考虑以下内容
public interface IBitmapService {
void SaveBitmapAsPngImage(Uri path, BitmapSource renderBitmap);
}
public interface IFileSystem {
Stream OpenOrCreateFileStream(string path);
}
public class PhysicalFileSystem : IFileSystem {
public Stream OpenOrCreateFileStream(string path) {
return new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
}
}
public class BitmapService : IBitmapService {
private readonly IFileSystem fileSystem;
public BitmapService(IFileSystem fileSystem) {
this.fileSystem = fileSystem;
}
// SaveBitmapAsPngImage(path, renderBitmap);
public void SaveBitmapAsPngImage(Uri path, BitmapSource renderBitmap) {
// Create a file stream for saving image
using (var outStream = fileSystem.OpenOrCreateFileStream(path.LocalPath)) {
// Use png encoder for our data
PngBitmapEncoder encoder = new PngBitmapEncoder();
// push the rendered bitmap to it
encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(renderBitmap));
// save the data to the stream
encoder.Save(outStream);
}
}
}
public interface IImageDrawingCombiner {
void CombineDrawingsIntoImage(Uri path, Canvas surface);
}
public class ImageDrawingCombiner : IImageDrawingCombiner {
private readonly IBitmapService service;
public ImageDrawingCombiner(IBitmapService service) {
this.service = service;
}
/// <summary>
/// Save image to a specified location in path
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">Location to save the image</param>
/// <param name="surface">The image as canvas</param>
public void CombineDrawingsIntoImage(Uri path, Canvas surface) {
var size = new Size(surface.ActualWidth, surface.ActualHeight);
// Create a render bitmap and push the surface to it
var renderBitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap(
(int)size.Width, (int)size.Height, 96d, 96d, PixelFormats.Pbgra32);
renderBitmap.Render(surface);
service.SaveBitmapAsPngImage(path, renderBitmap);
}
}
FileStream
是一个实现问题,可以在单独进行单元测试时抽象出来。
上面的每个实现都可以单独测试,并且可以根据需要进行模拟和注入。在生产中,可以使用DI容器在组合根中添加依赖项。
如何断言
encoder.Save(outStream)
被调用?
鉴于您控制了流的创建并且System.IO.Stream
是抽象的,您可以轻松地模拟它并验证它是否已写入,因为encode.Save
在执行其时必须写入流功能
这是一个使用Moq
模拟框架的简单示例,该框架针对上一个示例中的重构代码。
[TestClass]
public class BitmapServiceTest {
[TestMethod]
public void BitmapService_Should_SaveBitmapAsPngImage() {
//Arrange
var mockedStream = Mock.Of<Stream>(_ => _.CanRead == true && _.CanWrite == true);
Mock.Get(mockedStream).SetupAllProperties();
var fileSystemMock = new Mock<IFileSystem>();
fileSystemMock
.Setup(_ => _.OpenOrCreateFileStream(It.IsAny<string>()))
.Returns(mockedStream);
var sut = new BitmapService(fileSystemMock.Object);
var renderBitmap = new Canvas();
var path = new Uri("//A_valid_path");
//Act
sut.SaveBitmapAsPngImage(path, renderBitmap);
//Assert
Mock.Get(mockedStream).Verify(_ => _.Write(It.IsAny<byte[]>(), It.IsAny<int>(), It.IsAny<int>()));
}
}
评论员建议使用内存流,我建议在大多数其他方案中使用,但在这种情况下,流被包含在using
语句中的被测试方法中。这将使得调用成员在被处理后抛出异常。通过直接模拟流,您可以更好地控制断言所谓的内容。