我正在构建一个连接到特定密码保护的ODBC数据源的函数,该数据源将用于团队的许多成员 - 它可以在多个环境中使用。如果连接被拒绝,我想显示警告消息,但屏蔽显示的密码。如果我使用suppressWarnings()
,就我所知,没有任何东西被捕获,如果我不知道,那么该消息将显示在带有密码的标准输出中。这是迄今为止的功能:
connectToData <- function(uid, pswd, dsn='myDSN') {
# Function to connect to myDSN data
#
# Args:
# uid: The user's ID for connecting to the database
# pswd: The user's password for connecting to the database.
# dsn: The DSN for the (already existing) ODBC connection to the 5G
# data. It must be set up on an individual Windows user's machine,
# and they could use any name for it. The default is 'myDSN'
#
# Returns:
# The 'RODBC' class object returned by the RODBC:odbcConnect() function.
#
# TODO: 1) See if you can specify the connection using odbcDriverConnect()
# so as to not rely on user's ODBC connections
# 2) Capture warnings from odbcConnect() and print them while
# disguising password using gsub, as I've attempted to do below.
library('RODBC')
db.conn <- odbcConnect(dsn,
uid=uid,
pwd=pswd)
if(class(db.conn) != 'RODBC') { # Error handling for connections that don't make it
print(gsub(pswd,'******',warnings())) # This doesn't work like I want it to
stop("ODBC connection could not be opened. See warnings()")
} else {
return(db.conn)
}
}
当我使用正确的用户名/密码运行它时,我得到了正确的结果,但是当我使用错误的密码运行它时,我得到了这个:
> db.conn <- connectTo5G(uid='myID',pswd='badpassword', dsn='myDSN')
[1] "RODBC::odbcDriverConnect(\"DSN=myDSN;UID=myID;PWD=******\")"
[2] "RODBC::odbcDriverConnect(\"DSN=myDSN;UID=myID;PWD=******\")"
Error in connectTo5G(uid = "myID", pswd = "badpassword", dsn = "myDSN") :
ODBC connection could not be opened. See warnings()
In addition: Warning messages:
1: In RODBC::odbcDriverConnect("DSN=myDSN;UID=myID;PWD=badpassword") :
[RODBC] ERROR: state 28000, code 1017, message [Oracle][ODBC][Ora]ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
2: In RODBC::odbcDriverConnect("DSN=myDSN;UID=myID;PWD=badpassword") :
ODBC connection failed
print(gsub(...))
似乎对调用函数之前的最新警告起作用,它也只打印产生警告的函数调用,而不是警告的文本。
我想要做的是在“另外:警告消息:”之后捕获所有内容,以便我可以使用gsub()
,但在gsub()
有机会工作之前避免打印它在上面。我想我需要使用withCallingHandlers()
,但我查看了文档和示例,我无法弄明白。
一些额外的背景:这是一个Oracle数据库,在三次尝试连接后锁定用户,所以我想使用stop()
以防有人编写多次调用此函数的代码。我小组中的不同用户同时在Windows和Linux中工作(有时会来回移动),因此任何解决方案都需要灵活。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我不完全理解你想用ODBC完成什么,但是在转换错误信息方面,你可以使用tryCatch
作为@joran建议
pswd = 'badpassword'
# Just as a reproducable example, a function which fails and outputs badpassword
failing <- function(){
badpassword == 1
}
# This would be the error handling part
tryCatch(failing(),
error = function(e) gsub(pswd, '******', e))
[1] "Error in failing(): object '******' not found\n"
在这种情况下, e
是错误消息,您可以考虑使用其他方法来操纵放置到屏幕上的内容,因此根据替换的内容猜测密码并不容易。例如,注意&#39;对象&#39;如果密码是&#39;对象&#39;那么它也会被替换掉。由于某些原因。甚至是部分单词,也可以被替换。至少,在gsub命令中包含单词边界是有意义的:
pswd = 'ling'
failing <- function(){
ling == 1
}
tryCatch(failing(),
error = function(e) gsub(paste0("\\b", pswd, "\\b"), '******', e))
[1] "Error in failing(): object '******' not found\n"
对于其他改进,您应该仔细查看特定的错误消息。
trycatch
也可以操纵警告:
pswd = 'ling'
failing <- function(){
warning("ling")
ling == 1
}
tryCatch(failing(),
warning = function(w) gsub(paste0("\\b", pswd, "\\b"), '******', w),
error = function(e) gsub(paste0("\\b", pswd, "\\b"), '******', e))
[1] "simpleWarning in failing(): ******\n"
然而,这不会显示错误。
如果你真的想要捕获错误和警告的所有输出,你确实需要withCallingHandlers
,它的工作方式大致相同,只是它不会终止评估的其余部分。
pswd = 'ling'
failing <- function(pswd){
warning(pswd)
warning("asd")
stop(pswd)
}
withCallingHandlers(failing(),
warning = function(w) {
w <- gsub(paste0("\\b", pswd, "\\b"), '******', w)
warning(w)},
error = function(e){
e <- gsub(paste0("\\b", pswd, "\\b"), '******', e)
stop(e)
})