Question

我已经阅读了一些在线文章，他们都指向了1个方向，即页面加载时找不到元素。在我的setData（）中你可以看到我尝试过一些东西，比如使用wait，implicitwait和1st click，然后发送用户名。但似乎没有任何工作。我还想过使用＆＃34;等待＆＃34;在pageProperties内部，但后来改变了主意，因为这可能是一个糟糕的设计。

错误：

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.InvalidElementStateException: invalid element state

系统信息：Windows 10，ChromeDriver 2.37.544315，chrome = 65.0.3

代码：

public class Tour {

    public static WebDriver driver;

    //browser URL information
    public WebDriver getBrowser(String browser, String url){
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\Downloads\\chromedriver.exe");

        if(browser.equals("cc")){
            driver= new ChromeDriver();
        }
        driver.get(url);
        return driver;
    }

    // User name and continue button property from 1st page
    public void pageUserNameProperty(String un){
        WebElement login=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']"));
        WebElement cont_btn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@type,'submit')]"));

        //WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
        //wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']")));
        login.sendKeys(un);
        cont_btn.click();

    }
    // Password and continue button property from 2nd page
    public void pagePassTourProperty(String psd){
        WebElement password=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='password']"));
        WebElement lgn_btn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@type,'submit')]"));

        //WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
        //wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']")));
        password.sendKeys(psd);
        lgn_btn.click();

    }

    // Supply Data for test from excel
    public void setData(){
        Tour tour= new Tour();
        tour.getBrowser("cc", "https://wordpress.com/log-in");
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
        WebElement login_field=wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']")));
        login_field.click();
        //driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(18, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        tour.pageUserNameProperty("JoeThomas");
        //wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//input[@id='passTour']")));
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        tour.pagePassTourProperty("psd231");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Tour tour= new Tour();
        tour.setData();

    }

}

错误：

Starting ChromeDriver 2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7) on port 2644 
Only local connections are allowed. 
Apr 18, 2018 7:09:26 AM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession 
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS 
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.InvalidElementStateException: invalid element state   (Session info: chrome=65.0.3325.181)   
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7),platform=Windows NT 10.0.15063 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information) Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:33:15.31Z' System info: host: 'XYZ', ip: '123', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_91' 
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, acceptSslCerts: false, applicationCacheEnabled: false, browserConnectionEnabled: false, browserName: chrome, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba15..., userDataDir: C:\Users\CHQ-SH~1\AppData\L...}, cssSelectorsEnabled: true, databaseEnabled: false, handlesAlerts: true, hasTouchScreen: false, javascriptEnabled: true, locationContextEnabled: true, mobileEmulationEnabled: false, nativeEvents: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: XP, platformName: XP, rotatable: false, setWindowRect: true, takesHeapSnapshot: true, takesScreenshot: true, unexpectedAlertBehaviour: , unhandledPromptBehavior: , version: 65.0.3325.181, webStorageEnabled: true} 
Session ID: 3298d88e517d756790ab6792e45257f1    
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)

感谢您的时间和建议。

实验：

public class Tour {

    public static WebDriver driver;

    //browser URL information
    public WebDriver getBrowser(String browser, String url){
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\chq-sheikhr\\Downloads\\chromedriver.exe");

        if(browser.equals("cc")){
            driver= new ChromeDriver();
        }
        driver.get(url);
        return driver;
    }

    // User name and continue button property from 1st page
    public void pageUserNameProperty(String un){
        WebElement login=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']"));
        WebElement cont_btn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@type,'submit')]"));

        login.sendKeys(un);
        cont_btn.click();

    }
    // Password and continue button property from 2nd page
    public void pagePasswordProperty(String psd){
        WebElement password=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='password']"));
        WebElement lgn_btn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@type,'submit')]"));

        password.sendKeys(psd);
        lgn_btn.click();
    }

    // A method - isElementExists to check whether that element exists or not
    public boolean isElementExists(By xpath){
        return driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']")).size() > 0;
    }

    /*create a method waitForElement and pass wait time in seconds to it, it is not a hard code wait as it
     *  will continuously check whether that element is exist or not and then it will wait for 1 seconds on 
     *  every iteration of for loop
     */
    public boolean waitForElement(int timeInSeconds, By xpath){
        try{
            for(int i=0;i<timeInSeconds;i++){
                if(isElementExists(xpath))
                    return true;
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
        }catch(Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

    public void setData(){
        Tour tour= new Tour();
        tour.getBrowser("cc", "https://wordpress.com/log-in");
        tour.waitForElement(10, By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']"));
        tour.pageUserNameProperty("JoeThoman");
        tour.pagePasswordProperty("pasd123");


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Tour tour= new Tour();
        tour.setData();
    }

}

Answer 1

To make it consistent please follow below steps :

A) create a method - isElementExists to check whether that element exists or not as follows :

public boolean isElementExists(String xpathOfElement){
    return driver.findElements(By.xpath(xpathOfElement)).size() > 0;
}

B) Now create a method waitForElement and pass wait time in seconds to it, it is not a hard code wait as it will continuously check whether that element is exist or not and then it will wait for 1 seconds on every iteration of for loop as follows :

public boolean waitForElement(int timeInSeconds, String xpathOfElement){
    try{
        for(int i=0;i<timeInSeconds;i++){
            if(isElementExists(xpathOfElement))
                return true;
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
    }catch(Exception ex){
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
    return false;
}

C) So once it return true you can perform the action on that element.

I have used xpath for locating element, you can use whichever you want.

Answer 2

错误说明了一切：

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.InvalidElementStateException: invalid element state

错误清楚地表明您尝试与之交互的元素处于无法执行操作的状态。

InvalidElementStateException

InvalidElementStateException是WebDriverException的一种类型，表示您尝试与之交互的 WebElement 处于无法使用它执行操作的状态。当一个元素被点击时被另一个元素遮挡或者HTML DOM上可能看不到所需的元素时，可能会出现这种情况。

解决方案

您必须考虑以下几个事实：

永远不要混淆 implicitlyWait（）和 WebDriverWait（），因为documentation明确提到以下内容：

不要混合隐式和显式等待。这样做会导致不可预测的等待时间。例如，设置10秒的隐式等待和15秒的显式等待可能会导致20秒后发生超时。

所以你需要删除 implicitlyWait（）的所有实例。

由于您需要将字符发送到电子邮件地址或用户名字段，因此您需要使用 ExpectedConditions 方法visibilityOfElementLocated()而不是使用elementToBeClickable()方法。

访问网址https://wordpress.com/log-in和发送字符到电子邮件地址或用户名字段的简单脚本如下：

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:/path/to/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("https://wordpress.com/log-in"); new WebDriverWait(driver,30).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//input[@id='usernameOrEmail']"))).sendKeys("JoeThomas");

WebClient的快照：

更新

根据您的评论中的反问题， WebDriverWait 以特定间隔（默认为500毫秒）轮询HTML DOM，直到配置的时间（在您的情况下为30秒）。一旦满足ExpectedConditions，元素就会被返回。例如，如果在1秒内找到所需元素，则返回该元素并执行下一行代码。没有延误。根据{{3}}构造函数，您始终可以配置 timeOutInSeconds 和 sleepInMillis ，即轮询间隔。

您可以在此处找到有关WebDriverWait
的详细讨论

Answer 3

如果您的应用程序正在处理 Jquery，则可以处理此问题。此代码将等到您的页面完全加载所有必需的数据并避免 invalidelementstateexception 。

线程“main”org.openqa.selenium.InvalidElementStateException 中的异常：元素状态无效

public static boolean waitForJSandJQueryToLoad() {
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(getWebDriver(), 30);

    // wait for jQuery to load
    ExpectedCondition<Boolean> jQueryLoad = new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) {
            try {
                System.out.println(
                        "Request = " + ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return jQuery.active"));
                return ((Long) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return jQuery.active") == 0);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // no jQuery present
                System.out.println("no jQuery present");
                return true;
            }
        }
    };

    // wait for Java script to load
    ExpectedCondition<Boolean> jsLoad = new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public Boolean apply(WebDriver driver) {
            try {
                System.out.println(
                        "Request = " + ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return document.readyState").toString());
                return ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return document.readyState").toString().equals("complete");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // no jQuery present
                System.out.println("no jQuery present");
                return true;
            }
        }
    };

    return wait.until(jQueryLoad) && wait.until(jsLoad);
}

Selenium：如何解决org.openqa.selenium.InvalidElementStateException：无效的元素状态

3 个答案:

InvalidElementStateException

解决方案

更新