我正在尝试构建一个通过命令行以大文本打印给定字符串的函数。每个字母都是5x5的*和空格。如何打印与前一行相同的下一个5x5字符以打印出给定的字符串？
代码：
options = {
'a': ' * \n * * \n*****\n* *\n* *',
'b': '**** \n* *\n*****\n* *\n**** ',
'c': ' ****\n* \n* \n* \n ****',
'd': '**** \n* *\n* *\n* *\n**** ',
'e': '*****\n* \n*****\n* \n*****',
'f': '*****\n* \n*****\n* \n* ',
'g': '*****\n* \n* ***\n* *\n*****',
'h': '* *\n* *\n*****\n* *\n* *',
'i': '*****\n * \n * \n * \n*****',
'j': '*** \n * \n * \n * \n*** ',
'k': '* *\n* * \n* \n* * \n* *',
'l': '* \n* \n* \n* \n*****',
'm': '* *\n** **\n* * *\n* *\n* *',
'n': '* *\n** *\n* * *\n* **\n* *',
'o': ' *** \n* *\n* *\n* *\n *** ',
'p': '**** \n* *\n**** \n* \n* ',
'q': ' *** \n* *\n* * *\n* * \n ** *',
'r': '**** \n* *\n**** \n* * \n* **',
's': ' ****\n* \n *** \n *\n**** ',
't': '*****\n * \n * \n * \n * ',
'u': '* *\n* *\n* *\n* *\n *** ',
'v': '* *\n* *\n * * \n * * \n * ',
'w': '* *\n* *\n* * *\n* * *\n * * ',
'x': '* *\n * * \n * \n * * \n* *',
'y': '* *\n * * \n * \n * \n * ',
'z': '*****\n * \n * \n * \n*****',
',': ' \n \n **\n **\n * ',
':': ' \n * \n \n * \n '
}
def Print_Big(inputString):
lst = list(inputString)
for i in lst:
print(options[i], end = "")
while True:
userIn = input('Please enter a letter to big-ify: ').lower()
if userIn == "exit":
break
elif userIn != "" and len(userIn) >= 1:
Print_Big(userIn)
else:
print('Please enter a valid string')
答案 0 :(得分：2)
您不能并排打印不同的字母，因为您在每个字母中都有\ n（换行符）。 因此，默认情况下，每个下一个元素都将打印在下一行中。 现在要解决这个问题，我在代码中做了一些更改。 在代码中为每个字母创建一个列表字典，如下所示。
options = {
'a':[' * ',' * * ','*****','* *','* *'],
'b':['**** ','* *','*****','* *','**** '],
'c':[' ****','* ','* ','* ',' ****'],
........
}
为什么要列出字典？因为我现在可以逐个访问每一行字母。 我在这里给出了代码示例。它的工作正常3个字符a，b，c，因为为了演示，我只在字典中添加了3个字母。
options = {
'a':[' * ',' * * ','*****','* *','* *'],
'b':['**** ','* *','*****','* *','**** '],
'c':[' ****','* ','* ','* ',' ****']
} # I added only 3 letters, so It will work for only(a,b,c)
def Print_Big(newList):
for i in range(len(options['a'])):
for j in range(len(newList)):
print(options[newList[j]][i]+" ",end = " ")
print()
输出：
Please enter a letter to big-ify: abc
* **** ****
* * * * *
***** ***** *
* * * * *
* * **** ****
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我建议使用Python的多行字符串来编写你的字母。它使编辑更容易。我的字母有点大，我只定义了三个字母b，g和i（在emacs中使用艺术家模式......）：
letter_definitions = {
'b': Letter("""
****************
******************
***** *****
*** ***
*** ****
*** ****
*** ******
******************
*********************
*** * *****
*** ******
*** *****
*** ****
*** ****
*** ****
*** ****
*** **********
*********************
*****************
"""),
'g': Letter("""
****************
*** * **** **
*** *****
****
****
*****
****
****
**** ************
**** *************
***** *
***** *
***** **
****** *
******* **
********* *****
*************
"""),
'i': Letter("""
+---+
|***|
+---+
+-+
|*|
|*|
|*|
|*|
|*|
|*|
+-+
"""),
}
Letter类存储形状，并记录高度/宽度/基线（__init__方法），并可将自身写入二维缓冲区（add_to_buffer()方法）：
import textwrap
class Letter(object):
def __init__(self, shape):
# remove space to the left (textwrap.dedent)
# and split the shape string into lines (self.shape is a list of strings)
self.shape = textwrap.dedent(shape).split('\n')
# remove any initial empty lines
while self.shape[0] == '':
self.shape = self.shape[1:]
# remove any trailing empty lines
while self.shape[-1] == '':
self.shape = self.shape[:-1]
self.height = len(self.shape)
self.width = max(len(line) for line in self.shape)
# we're doing the easy case where all letters are capitals
# and the baseline is at the bottom
self.baseline = self.height
def add_to_buffer(self, buffer, x, y):
"Write this letter shape to a 2-dimensional buffer at position x, y."
# justify our baseline with the buffer's baseline
y += buffer.baseline - self.baseline
# keeping track of which line and character we're at,
# we go through each line in the shape
for lineno, line in enumerate(self.shape):
# .. and each character in the line
for charpos, ch in enumerate(line):
# and put the character into the buffer
buffer[x + charpos, y + lineno] = ch
缓冲区在TextLine类中实现，它创建一个（模拟的）2维缓冲区，其大小足以通过询问每个字母的高/宽来保存所有字母形状：
class TextLine(object):
def __init__(self, letters):
self.letters = letters
self.width = sum(letter.width for letter in self.letters)
# one space between each letter, except the last one
self.width += len(self.letters) - 1
self.height = max(letter.height for letter in self.letters)
self.baseline = self.height
# add letters to buffer
self.buffer = [' '] * (self.width * self.height) # should probably use a buffer.buffer here..
x = 0
for letter in self.letters:
letter.add_to_buffer(self, x, 0)
x += letter.width + 1
def __setitem__(self, (x, y), ch):
# calculate the position and assign the character
self.buffer[y * self.width + x] = ch
def __str__(self):
chunks = []
# divide the buffer into pieces/chunks of length self.width..
# (see https://stackoverflow.com/a/312464/75103 for how this works)
for i in range(0, len(self.buffer), self.width):
chunk = self.buffer[i:i + self.width]
chunks.append(''.join(chunk))
# .. and start each chunk on a new line
return '\n'.join(chunks)
最后我将print_big()函数重命名为big_text()并返回要打印的字符串：
def big_text(text):
lines = text.splitlines(False) # don't keep newlines
res = []
for line in lines:
# convert each character to the corresponding Letter
letters = [letter_definitions[ch] for ch in line]
# put the letters into a TextLine
text_line = TextLine(letters)
# and append the buffer to the result
res.append(str(text_line))
return '\n\n'.join(res)
通常你需要重复使用这些功能，如果它们返回字符串而不是打印它就更容易重复使用它们，并且你可以像打印一样方便地使用它：
print big_text('big')
结果：
****************
******************
***** ***** ****************
*** *** *** * **** **
*** **** *** *****
*** **** ****
*** ****** ****
****************** +---+ *****
********************* |***| ****
*** * ***** +---+ ****
*** ****** **** ************
*** ***** +-+ **** *************
*** **** |*| ***** *
*** **** |*| ***** *
*** **** |*| ***** **
*** **** |*| ****** *
*** ********** |*| ******* **
********************* |*| ********* *****
***************** +-+ *************