Question

我想知道如何在Android应用程序中正确集成Room Library。我见过的一些文章使用Singleton方法使用Respository进行数据库调用，而其他文章使用某种形式的Dependecy Injection（Dagger 2）。我想知道这个库的正确集成吗？

由于

Answer 1

房间基础

Room库充当基础SQLite数据库的抽象层。因此，使用了房间注释：

到数据库和实体，其中实体是表示表结构的POJO类。
指定检索，更新和删除操作。
添加约束，例如外键。
对LiveData的支持。

会议室中有3个主要组成部分

Entity：带有@Entity注释的类被映射到数据库中的表。每个实体都保存在自己的表中，类中的每个字段都代表列名。

tableName属性用于定义表的名称每个实体类必须至少有一个主键字段，并用@PrimaryKey注释实体类中的字段可以使用@ColumnInfo（name =“ name_of_column”）注释来注释，以给出特定的列名

DAO：数据访问对象可以是带有@Doa批注的接口或抽象类，其中包含定义用于对数据执行的操作的所有方法。该方法可以用

@查询以从数据库检索数据

@插入以将数据插入数据库

@Delete从数据库中删除数据

@Update以更新数据库中的数据

数据库：数据库是表的容器。带有@Database批注的抽象类用于创建具有给定名称以及数据库版本的数据库。

添加这些依赖项：

    dependencies {
    // Room dependencies
      compile 'android.arch.persistence.room:runtime:1.0.0'
      annotationProcessor 'android.arch.persistence.room:compiler:1.0.0'
    }

创建实体

在创建数据库之前，我们先创建一个名为Note的实体，然后将此类的对象添加到数据库中。

    @Entity
public class Note {

    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int note_id;

    @ColumnInfo(name = "note_content") // column name will be "note_content" instead of "content" in table
    private String content;

    private String title;

    private

    public Note(int note_id, String content, String title) {
        this.note_id = note_id;
        this.content = content;
        this.title = title;
    }

    public int getNote_id() {
        return note_id;
    }

    public void setNote_id(int note_id) {
        this.note_id = note_id;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (!(o instanceof Note)) return false;

        Note note = (Note) o;

        if (note_id != note.note_id) return false;
        return title != null ? title.equals(note.title) : note.title == null;
    }



    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = note_id;
        result = 31 * result + (title != null ? title.hashCode() : 0);
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Note{" +
                "note_id=" + note_id +
                ", content='" + content + '\'' +
                ", title='" + title + '\'' +
                '}';
    }}

创建DAO

DAO定义了所有访问数据库的方法，并带有@Dao注释。 DAO充当对数据库中的数据执行CRUD操作的合同。

    @Dao
public interface NoteDao {
  @Query("SELECT * FROM user "+ Constants.TABLE_NAME_NOTE)
  List<Note> getAll();


  /*
  * Insert the object in database
  * @param note, object to be inserted
  */
  @Insert
  void insert(Note note);

  /*
  * update the object in database
  * @param note, object to be updated
  */
  @Update
  void update(Note repos);

  /*
  * delete the object from database
  * @param note, object to be deleted
  */
  @Delete
  void delete(Note note);

  /*
  * delete list of objects from database
  * @param note, array of objects to be deleted
  */
  @Delete
  void delete(Note... note);      // Note... is varargs, here note is an array

}

创建数据库

现在，我们将表定义为Entity，并通过NoteDao定义CRUD方法。数据库难题的最后一部分是数据库本身。

@Database(entities = { Note.class }, version = 1)
public abstract class NoteDatabase extends RoomDatabase {

public abstract NoteDao getNoteDao();

private static NoteDatabase noteDB;

public static NoteDatabase getInstance(Context context) {
if (null == noteDB) {
noteDB = buildDatabaseInstance(context);
}
return noteDB;
}

private static NoteDatabase buildDatabaseInstance(Context context) {
return Room.databaseBuilder(context,
NoteDatabase.class,
Constants.DB_NAME)
.allowMainThreadQueries().build();
}

public void cleanUp(){
noteDB = null;
}

}

实现数据库交互

下面的代码片段将演示使用Room数据库进行插入，更新和删除功能的过程。

public class AddNoteActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private TextInputEditText et_title,et_content;
private NoteDatabase noteDatabase;
private Note note;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_note);
et_title = findViewById(R.id.et_title);
et_content = findViewById(R.id.et_content);
noteDatabase = NoteDatabase.getInstance(AddNoteActivity.this);
Button button = findViewById(R.id.but_save);

      button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
          @Override
          public void onClick(View view) {
            // fetch data and create note object
                note = new Note(et_content.getText().toString(),
                        et_title.getText().toString());

                // create worker thread to insert data into database
                new InsertTask(AddNoteActivity.this,note).execute();
          }
      });

}

private void setResult(Note note, int flag){
setResult(flag,new Intent().putExtra("note",note));
finish();
}

private static class InsertTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Boolean> {

      private WeakReference<AddNoteActivity> activityReference;
      private Note note;

      // only retain a weak reference to the activity
      InsertTask(AddNoteActivity context, Note note) {
          activityReference = new WeakReference<>(context);
          this.note = note;
      }

      // doInBackground methods runs on a worker thread
      @Override
      protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... objs) {
          activityReference.get().noteDatabase.getNoteDao().insertNote(note);
          return true;
      }

        // onPostExecute runs on main thread
      @Override
      protected void onPostExecute(Boolean bool) {
          if (bool){
              activityReference.get().setResult(note,1);
          }
      }

}

}

检索并显示记事列表

public class NoteListActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NotesAdapter.OnNoteItemClick{

private TextView textViewMsg;
private RecyclerView recyclerView;
private NoteDatabase noteDatabase;
private List<Note> notes;
private NotesAdapter notesAdapter;
private int pos;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initializeVies();
displayList();
}

private void displayList(){
// initialize database instance
noteDatabase = NoteDatabase.getInstance(NoteListActivity.this);
// fetch list of notes in background thread
new RetrieveTask(this).execute();
}

private static class RetrieveTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,List<Note>>{

      private WeakReference<NoteListActivity> activityReference;

      // only retain a weak reference to the activity
      RetrieveTask(NoteListActivity context) {
          activityReference = new WeakReference<>(context);
      }

      @Override
      protected List<Note> doInBackground(Void... voids) {
          if (activityReference.get()!=null)
              return activityReference.get().noteDatabase.getNoteDao().getNotes();
          else
              return null;
      }

      @Override
      protected void onPostExecute(List<Note> notes) {
          if (notes!=null && notes.size()>0 ){
              activityReference.get().notes = notes;

              // hides empty text view
              activityReference.get().textViewMsg.setVisibility(View.GONE);

              // create and set the adapter on RecyclerView instance to display list
              activityReference.get().notesAdapter = new NotesAdapter(notes,activityReference.get());
              activityReference.get().recyclerView.setAdapter(activityReference.get().notesAdapter);
          }
      }

}

private void initializeVies(){
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
textViewMsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv\_\_empty);

      // Action button to add note
      FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
      fab.setOnClickListener(listener);
      recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
      recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(NoteListActivity.this));

}

}

更新说明

public class AddNoteActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextInputEditText et_title,et_content;
    private NoteDatabase noteDatabase;
    private Note note;
    private boolean update;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_note);
        et_title = findViewById(R.id.et_title);
        et_content = findViewById(R.id.et_content);
        noteDatabase = NoteDatabase.getInstance(AddNoteActivity.this);
        Button button = findViewById(R.id.but_save);
        if ( (note = (Note) getIntent().getSerializableExtra("note"))!=null ){
            getSupportActionBar().setTitle("Update Note");
            update = true;
            button.setText("Update");
            et_title.setText(note.getTitle());
            et_content.setText(note.getContent());
        }

        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
            note.setContent(et_content.getText().toString());
            note.setTitle(et_title.getText().toString());
            noteDatabase.getNoteDao().updateNote(note);
            }
        });
    }

}

删除记事

noteDatabase.getNoteDao().deleteNote(notes.get(pos));
adapterObj.notifyDataSetChanged();

Answer 2

咨询official documentation。

Answer 3

我认为最好的地方是codelabs，它有一个simple实现，还有一个complex实现。全部使用房间。

实施会议室数据库（Android）

3 个答案: