我主要在Spyder工作,构建需要弹出文件夹或文件浏览窗口的脚本。
下面的代码在spyder中完美无缺。
在Pycharm中,askopenfilename
运作良好,而askdirectory
什么都不做(卡住)。
但是,如果在调试模式下运行 - 脚本运行良好。
我试图从SAS jsl运行脚本 - 同样的问题。
任何想法我该怎么办? Python 3.6 Pycharm 2017.2
感谢。
我使用的代码包括:
import clr #pythonnet 2.3.0
import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import (askdirectory,askopenfilename)
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
PPath=askdirectory(title="Please select your installation folder location", initialdir=r"C:\Program Files\\")
t="Please select jdk file"
if os.path.exists(os.path.expanduser('~\Documents')):
FFile = askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t, initialdir=os.path.expanduser('~\Documents'))
else:
FFile= askopenfilename(filetypes=(("jdk file", "*.jdk"),("All Files", "*.*")),title=t)
sys.path.append(marsDllPath)
a = clr.AddReference('MatlabFunctions')
aObj = a.CreateInstance('Example.MatlabFunctions.MatLabFunctions')
编辑:似乎与pythonnet“imoprt clr”相关的问题,但我确实需要它在代码中。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
你的问题相当平庸,虽然不那么明显。问题不在tinker
或pythonnet
中,而是源于COM线程模型。
首先,由于您正在使用clr
,我们尝试直接使用对话框(导入tinker
模块并非绝对必要):
# importing pythonnet
import clr
# adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
# clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog
# creating instances of dialogs
folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()
# try to show any of them
folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
file_dialog.ShowDialog()
正如您所看到的,它会像您的情况一样挂起。如上所述,原因源于线程的公寓状态([1],[2])。
因此clr
隐含将此状态设置为MTA(多线程公寓),可以通过CoGetApartmentType
函数进行测试:
# importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
get_apartment = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoGetApartmentType
# comment/uncomment this import to see the difference
# import clr
apt_type = ctypes.c_uint(0)
apt_qualifier = ctypes.c_uint(0)
if get_apartment(ctypes.byref(apt_type), ctypes.byref(apt_qualifier)) == 0:
# APPTYPE enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms693793(v=vs.85).aspx
# APTTYPEQUALIFIER enum: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd542638(v=vs.85).aspx
print('APTTYPE = %d\tAPTTYPEQUALIFIER = %d' % (apt_type.value, apt_qualifier.value))
else:
print('COM model not initialized!')
但是,许多较旧的COM对象(如shell对话框)需要STA模式。 可以找到关于这两种状态之间差异的良好解释here或there。
最后,解决方案:
1)使用STA线程进行对话:
# importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename
# importing pythonnet
import clr
# adding reference (if necessary) to WinForms and importing dialogs
#clr.AddReference('System.Windows.Forms')
from System.Windows.Forms import OpenFileDialog, FolderBrowserDialog
# adding reference (if necessary) to Threading and importing Thread functionality
#clr.AddReference('System.Threading')
from System.Threading import Thread, ThreadStart, ApartmentState
# WinForms thread function example
def dialog_thread():
folder_dialog = FolderBrowserDialog()
file_dialog = OpenFileDialog()
folder_dialog.ShowDialog()
file_dialog.ShowDialog()
# Tk thread function example
def tk_dialog_thread():
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
askdirectory()
askopenfilename()
# check again apartment state at start
current_state = Thread.CurrentThread.GetApartmentState()
if current_state == ApartmentState.STA:
print('Current state: STA')
elif current_state == ApartmentState.MTA:
print('Current state: MTA')
# start dialogs via CLR
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()
# start dialogs via Tkinter
thread = Thread(ThreadStart(tk_dialog_thread))
thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
thread.Start()
thread.Join()
2)在CLR对MTA执行此操作之前,通过CoInitialize
/ CoInitializeEx
强制执行STA模式:
# importing ctypes stuff
import ctypes
co_initialize = ctypes.windll.ole32.CoInitialize
# importing tkinter stuff
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory, askopenfilename
# Force STA mode
co_initialize(None)
# importing pythonnet
import clr
# dialogs test
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
askdirectory()
askopenfilename()
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我已经在win-7 64位计算机上安装了python-3.6.5,测试了你在Pycharm 2018.1.3上粘贴的代码。它工作正常,没有任何错误。 2017版本中的漏洞很少。尝试升级到最新版本的Pycharm