我试图找出是否可以解决堆栈帧中的变量(由inspect.currentframe()
返回)。
换句话说,我正在寻找一个功能
def resolve_variable(variable_name, frame_object):
return value_of_that_variable_in_that_stackframe
例如,请考虑以下代码:
global_var = 'global'
def foo():
closure_var = 'closure'
def bar(param):
local_var = 'local'
frame = inspect.currentframe()
assert resolve_variable('local_var', frame) == local_var
assert resolve_variable('param', frame) == param
assert resolve_variable('closure_var', frame) == closure_var
assert resolve_variable('global_var', frame) == global_var
bar('parameter')
foo()
通过框架对象的f_locals
和f_globals
属性可以轻松查找局部和全局变量:
def resolve_variable(variable_name, frame_object):
try:
return frame_object.f_locals[variable_name]
except KeyError:
try:
return frame_object.f_globals[variable_name]
except KeyError:
raise NameError(varname) from None
但问题是闭包变量。据我所知,它们并不存储在字典中,如本地变量和全局变量。更糟糕的是,如果函数实际访问它们,变量只会成为闭包变量(例如,通过读取其值_ = closure_var
或使用nonlocal closure_var; closure_var = _
写入)。实际上有3种不同的情况:
global_var = 'global'
def foo():
unused_cvar = 'unused' # actually not a closure variable at all
readonly_cvar = 'closure'
nonlocal_cvar = 'nonlocal'
def bar(param):
nonlocal nonlocal_cvar
local_var = 'local'
_ = readonly_cvar
nonlocal_cvar = 'nonlocal'
frame = inspect.currentframe()
assert resolve_variable('local_var', frame) == local_var
assert resolve_variable('param', frame) == param
assert resolve_variable('unused_cvar', frame) == 'unused'
assert resolve_variable('readonly_cvar', frame) == readonly_cvar
assert resolve_variable('nonlocal_cvar', frame) == nonlocal_cvar
assert resolve_variable('global_var', frame) == global_var
bar('parameter')
foo()
如何重写我的resolve_variable
功能以支持所有这些功能?它甚至可能吗?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
通常不可能。 Python只保留闭包实际引用的闭包变量。
>>> import inspect
>>> class Demo(object):
... def __del__(self):
... print("Too late, it's gone.")
...
>>> def f():
... a = Demo()
... def g():
... return inspect.currentframe()
... return g
...
>>> frame = f()()
Too late, it's gone.
从这个例子中可以看出,没有希望从框架a
检查frame
。它消失了。
对于实际使用的框架的闭合变量,那些通常显示在f_locals
中。我知道一个奇怪的情况,他们不会,如果框架是一个带有闭包变量的类语句:
>>> def f():
... a = 1
... class Foo(object):
... print(a)
... print(inspect.currentframe().f_locals)
... return Foo
...
>>> f()
1
{'__module__': '__main__', '__qualname__': 'f.<locals>.Foo'}
<class '__main__.f.<locals>.Foo'>
在深入研究CPython实现(特别是框架对象,LOAD_CLASSDEREF
操作码和inspect.getclosurevars
)后,我认为访问类框架闭包变量的唯一方法是使用{{1} },ctypes
或类似的讨厌手段。
另请注意,如果闭包变量值自访问后发生变化,则gc.get_referents
dict可能不是最新的;再次访问f_locals
refreshes the contents,但在您查看时可能会再次过时。