Question

我希望获得每个类中的所有类名称和字段给定一个python文件说myFile.py。有没有办法实现这一目标？我想传入myFile.py并获得结果。

Answer 1

您是否考虑过使用内置的抽象语法树（ast）模块解析Python文件，然后检查结果以检索感兴趣的数据？简单的事情：

import ast

def print_info(path):
    with open(path, "r") as src:
        compiled = ast.parse(src.read(), "<string>", "exec")
        for element in compiled.body:
            if isinstance(element, ast.ClassDef):  # we're interested only in classes
                fields = []
                methods = []
                for field in element.body:  # iterate over the class fields/methods
                    if isinstance(field, ast.Assign):  # field assignment
                        for target in field.targets:  # value can be assigned to many fields
                            fields.append(target.id)
                    elif isinstance(field, ast.FunctionDef):  # method definition
                        methods.append(field.name)
                    # etc.
                print("Class: " + element.name)
                print("\tFields:  " + ", ".join(fields))
                print("\tMethods: " + ", ".join(methods))

满足您的主要要求。例如，如果我们有一个python源文件myFile.py包含：

class A(object):

    name = "A"

    def __init__(self, x):
        self.x = x

class B(object):

    name = "B"
    kind = "Child"

    def instance_method(self):
        pass

    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        pass

我们可以使用上面的内容轻松解析它：

print_info("myFile.py")

输出看起来像：

Class: A
    Fields:  name
    Methods: __init__
Class: B
    Fields:  name, kind
    Methods: instance_method, class_method, static_method

检查ast包的其余部分，看看你可以从中提取哪种数据（提示：大部分）。

阅读python文件中的所有类和字段

1 个答案: