当我想在Python中使用C ++多态时,我对pybind11有一个奇怪的行为。这是我的问题的一个简单示例:
import polymorphism as plm
a = plm.mylist()
print(a)
a[0].print()
a[1].print()
此脚本的输出是
[MyBase,MyDerived]
MyBase
MyBase
但预期的输出是
[MyBase,MyDerived]
MyBase
MyDerived
因为mylist返回一个std :: vector,它包含一个派生类(MyDerived)的实例作为第二个成员。奇怪的是,当我打印整个列表时,MyDerived被识别出来。
这是C ++代码的头文件:
/* polymorphism.hpp */
#ifndef POLYMORPHISM_HPP
#define POLYMORPHISM_HPP
#include <vector>
class MyBase
{
public:
virtual void print() const;
};
class MyDerived : public MyBase
{
public:
virtual void print() const;
};
std::vector<MyBase*> mylist();
#endif
这是cpp文件:
#include "polymorphism.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <pybind11/stl.h>
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
void MyBase::print() const
{ std::cout << "MyBase" << std::endl; }
void MyDerived::print() const
{ std::cout << "MyDerived" << std::endl; }
std::vector<MyBase*> mylist()
{
std::vector<MyBase*> list(2);
list[0] = new MyBase();
list[1] = new MyDerived();
return list;
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(polymorphism, m)
{
pybind11::class_<MyBase>(m, "MyBase")
.def(pybind11::init<>())
.def("print", &MyBase::print)
.def("__repr__", [](const MyBase &a) { return "MyBase"; });
pybind11::class_<MyDerived, MyBase>(m, "MyDerived")
.def(pybind11::init<>())
.def("print", &MyDerived::print)
.def("__repr__", [](const MyDerived &a) { return "MyDerived"; });
m.def("mylist", &mylist, "return a list");
}
编辑:更令人惊讶的是,当我删除&#34; print&#34;对于MyDerived,我收到以下错误消息
[MyBase,MyDerived]
MyBase
追踪(最近一次呼叫最后一次):
文件&#34; test.py&#34;,第8行,
一个[1] .PRINT()
AttributeError:&#39; polymorphism.MyDerived&#39;对象没有属性&#39; print&#39;
这条消息似乎意味着MyDerived在被调用错误版本的打印时得到了很好的认可(如果我理解的话)。
编辑2:这是一个使用trampoline类的版本。但是,此版本导致相同的错误输出。
/* polymorphism.hpp */
#ifndef POLYMORPHISM_HPP
#define POLYMORPHISM_HPP
#include <vector>
#include <pybind11/stl.h>
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
class MyBase
{
public:
virtual void print() const;
};
class MyDerived : public MyBase
{
public:
virtual void print() const;
};
std::vector<MyBase*> mylist();
class PyMyBase : public MyBase
{
public:
using MyBase::MyBase; // Inherit constructors
void print() const override { PYBIND11_OVERLOAD(void, MyBase, print ); }
};
class PyMyDerived : public MyDerived
{
public:
using MyDerived::MyDerived; // Inherit constructors
void print() const override { PYBIND11_OVERLOAD(void, MyDerived, print);}
};
#endif
这是相应的cpp文件:
/* polymorphism.cpp */
#include "polymorphism.hpp"
#include <iostream>
void MyBase::print() const
{ std::cout << "MyBase" << std::endl; }
void MyDerived::print() const
{ std::cout << "MyDerived" << std::endl; }
std::vector<MyBase*> mylist()
{
std::vector<MyBase*> list(2);
list[0] = new MyBase();
list[1] = new MyDerived();
return list;
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(polymorphism, m)
{
pybind11::class_<MyBase, PyMyBase>(m, "MyBase")
.def(pybind11::init<>())
.def("print", &MyBase::print)
.def("__repr__", [](const MyBase &a) { return "MyBase"; });
pybind11::class_<MyDerived, PyMyDerived>(m, "MyDerived")
.def(pybind11::init<>())
.def("print", &MyDerived::print)
.def("__repr__", [](const MyDerived &a) { return "MyDerived"; });
m.def("mylist", &mylist, "return a list");
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我不知道为什么,但pybind11
似乎在mylist()
中的原始指针有问题。如果将返回类型更改为vector<unique_ptr<MyBase>>
,则示例可正常工作。以下示例编译为python模块example
并生成预期输出。
example.cpp:
#include <pybind11/stl.h>
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
class MyBase {
public:
virtual void print() const {
std::cout << "MyBase::print()" << std::endl;
}
};
class MyDerived : public MyBase {
public:
virtual void print() const override {
std::cout << "MyDerived::print()" << std::endl;
}
};
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MyBase>> mylist() {
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MyBase>> v;
v.push_back(std::make_unique<MyBase>());
v.push_back(std::make_unique<MyDerived>());
return v;
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m) {
pybind11::class_<MyBase>(m, "MyBase")
.def(pybind11::init<>())
.def("print", &MyBase::print)
.def("__repr__", [](MyBase const&) { return "MyBase"; });
pybind11::class_<MyDerived>(m, "MyDerived")
.def(pybind11::init<>())
.def("print", &MyDerived::print)
.def("__repr__", [](MyDerived const&) { return "MyDerived"; });
m.def("mylist", &mylist, "returns a list");
}
python shell:
>>> import example
>>> l = example.mylist()
>>> l[0].print()
MyBase::print()
>>> l[1].print()
MyDerived::print()