Question

使用任何Linux工具组合（不使用任何全功能编程语言）如何对此列表进行排序

A,C 1
C,B 2
B,A 3

到

A,B 3
A,C 1
B,C 2

Answer 1

不申请任何选美比赛，这似乎接近：

#!/bin/bash
while read one two; do
one=`echo $one | sed -e 's/,/\n/g' | sort | sed -e '
1 {h; d}
$! {H; d}
H; g; s/\n/,/g;
'`
echo $one $two
done | sort

Answer 2

更改内部字段分隔符，然后将前两个字母与“＆gt;”进行比较：

( 
IFS=" ,"; 
while read a b n; do 
    if [ "$a" \> "$b" ]; then 
        echo "$b,$a $n"; 
    else 
        echo "$a,$b $n"; 
    fi; 
done; 
) <<EOF | sort 
A,C 1
C,B 2
B,A 3
EOF

Answer 3

如果有人有兴趣。我对任何建议都不满意。可能是因为我希望视线解决方案，据我所知这样做并不存在。无论如何，我确实编写了一个实用程序，称为ljoin（用于数据库中的左连接），它完全符合我的要求（当然：D）

#!/usr/bin/perl
=head1 NAME

ljoin.pl - Utility to left join files by specified key column(s)

=head1 SYNOPSIS

ljoin.pl [OPTIONS] <INFILE1>..<INFILEN> <OUTFILE>

To successfully join rows one must suply at least one input file and exactly one output file. Input files can be real file names or a patern, like [ABC].txt or *.in etc.


=head1 DESCRIPTION

This utility merges multiple file into one using specified column as a key

=head2 OPTIONS

=item --field-separator=<separator>, -fs <separator>

Specifies what string should be used to separate columns in plain file. Default value for this option is tab symbol.

=item --no-sort-fields, -no-sf

Do not sort columns when creating a key for merging files

=item --complex-key-separator=<separator>, -ks <separator>

Specifies what string should be used to separate multiple values in multikey column. For example "A B" in one file can be presented as "B A" meaning that this application should somehow understand that this is the same key. Default value for this option is space symbol.

=item --no-sort-complex-keys, -no-sk

Do not sort complex column values when creating a key for merging files

=item --include-primary-field, -i

Specifies whether key which is used to find matching lines in multiple files should be included in the output file. First column in output file will be the key in any case, but in case of complex column the value of first column will be sorted. Default value for this option is false.

=item --primary-field-index=<index>, -f <index>

Specifies index of the column which should be used for matching lines.  You can use multiple instances of this option to specify a multi-column key made of more than one column like this "-f 0 -f 1"

=item --help, -?

Get help and documentation

=cut


use strict;
use warnings;
use Getopt::Long;
use Pod::Usage;

my $fieldSeparator = "\t";
my $complexKeySeparator = " ";
my $includePrimaryField = 0;
my $containsTitles = 0;
my $sortFields = 1;
my $sortComplexKeys = 1;
my @primaryFieldIndexes;

GetOptions(
    "field-separator|fs=s" => \$fieldSeparator,
    "sort-fields|sf!" => \$sortFields,
    "complex-key-separator|ks=s" => \$complexKeySeparator,
    "sort-complex-keys|sk!" => \$sortComplexKeys,
    "contains-titles|t!" => \$containsTitles,
    "include-primary-field|i!" => \$includePrimaryField,
    "primary-field-index|f=i@" => \@primaryFieldIndexes,
    "help|?!" => sub { pod2usage(0) }
) or pod2usage(2);

pod2usage(0) if $#ARGV < 1;

push @primaryFieldIndexes, 0 if $#primaryFieldIndexes < 0;

my %primaryFieldIndexesHash;
for(my $i = 0; $i <= $#primaryFieldIndexes; $i++)
{
    $primaryFieldIndexesHash{$i} = 1;
}

print "fieldSeparator = $fieldSeparator\n";
print "complexKeySeparator = $complexKeySeparator \n";
print "includePrimaryField = $includePrimaryField\n";
print "containsTitles = $containsTitles\n";
print "primaryFieldIndexes = @primaryFieldIndexes\n";
print "sortFields = $sortFields\n";
print "sortComplexKeys = $sortComplexKeys\n";

my $fieldsCount = 0;
my %keys_hash = ();
my %files = ();
my %titles = ();


# Read columns into a memory
foreach my $argnum (0 .. ($#ARGV - 1)) 
{
    # Find files with specified pattern
    my $filePattern = $ARGV[$argnum];
    my @matchedFiles = < $filePattern >;
    foreach my $inputPath (@matchedFiles) 
    {
        open INPUT_FILE, $inputPath or die $!;

        my %lines;
        my $lineNumber = -1;
        while (my $line = <INPUT_FILE>) 
        {
            next if $containsTitles && $lineNumber == 0;

            # Don't use chomp line. It doesn't handle unix input files on windows and vice versa
            $line =~ s/[\r\n]+$//g;

            # Skip lines that don't have columns
            next if $line !~ m/($fieldSeparator)/;

            # Split fields and count them (store maximum number of columns in files for later use)
            my @fields = split($fieldSeparator, $line);
            $fieldsCount = $#fields+1 if $#fields+1 > $fieldsCount;

            # Sort complex key
            my @multipleKey;
            for(my $i = 0; $i <= $#primaryFieldIndexes; $i++)
            {
                my @complexKey = split ($complexKeySeparator, $fields[$primaryFieldIndexes[$i]]);
                @complexKey = sort(@complexKey) if $sortFields;
                push @multipleKey, join($complexKeySeparator, @complexKey)
            }

            # sort multiple keys and create key string
            @multipleKey = sort(@multipleKey) if $sortFields;
            my $fullKey = join $fieldSeparator, @multipleKey;

            $lines{$fullKey} = \@fields;
            $keys_hash{$fullKey} = 1;
        }
        close INPUT_FILE;

        $files{$inputPath} = \%lines;
    }
}

# Open output file
my $outputPath = $ARGV[$#ARGV];
open OUTPUT_FILE, ">" . $outputPath or die $!;
my @keys = sort keys(%keys_hash); 

# Leave blank places for key columns
for(my $pf = 0; $pf <= $#primaryFieldIndexes; $pf++)
{
    print OUTPUT_FILE $fieldSeparator;
}

# Print column headers
foreach my $argnum (0 .. ($#ARGV - 1)) 
{
    my $filePattern = $ARGV[$argnum];
    my @matchedFiles = < $filePattern >;
    foreach my $inputPath (@matchedFiles) 
    {
        print OUTPUT_FILE $inputPath;

        for(my $f = 0; $f < $fieldsCount - $#primaryFieldIndexes - 1; $f++)
        {
            print OUTPUT_FILE $fieldSeparator;
        }
    }
}

# Print merged columns
print OUTPUT_FILE "\n";
foreach my $key ( @keys )
{
    print OUTPUT_FILE $key;

    foreach my $argnum (0 .. ($#ARGV - 1)) 
    {
        my $filePattern = $ARGV[$argnum];
        my @matchedFiles = < $filePattern >;
        foreach my $inputPath (@matchedFiles) 
        {
            my $lines = $files{$inputPath};

            for(my $i = 0; $i < $fieldsCount; $i++)
            {
                next if exists $primaryFieldIndexesHash{$i} && !$includePrimaryField;
                print OUTPUT_FILE $fieldSeparator;
                print OUTPUT_FILE $lines->{$key}->[$i] if exists $lines->{$key}->[$i];
            }
        }
    }

    print OUTPUT_FILE "\n";
}
close OUTPUT_FILE;

使用无序多部分密钥对文件进行排序

3 个答案: