Question

我想知道Entity Framework Core 2代码第一种方法中是否存在唯一约束的数据注释？

Answer 1

在EF Core中您只能在流畅的API中使用扩展方法HasAlternateKey。 无数据注释可实现唯一约束。

这篇MS doc文章 - Alternate Keys (Unique Constraints) - 将解释如何使用以及存在哪些其他可能性。

以上链接的简短示例：

class MyContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Car> Cars { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Entity<Car>()
            .HasAlternateKey(c => c.LicensePlate)
            .HasName("AlternateKey_LicensePlate");
    }
}

class Car
{
    public int CarId { get; set; }
    public string LicensePlate { get; set; }
    public string Make { get; set; }
    public string Model { get; set; }
}

此外，还可以定义唯一索引。因此，在EF Core中，您必须在流畅的API中使用扩展方法HasIndex（无数据注释）。在这篇MS doc文章 - Indexes中 - 您将找到更多信息。

这是一个独特索引的例子：

class MyContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
            .HasIndex(b => b.Url)
            .IsUnique();
    }
}

public class Blog
{
    public int BlogId { get; set; }
    public string Url { get; set; }
}

Answer 2

我编写了一个Attribute类，它可以让您装饰EF Core Entity类的属性以导致生成唯一键（不使用Fluent API）。

using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

/// <summary>
/// Used on an EntityFramework Entity class to mark a property to be used as a Unique Key
/// </summary>
[AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true)]
public class UniqueKeyAttribute : ValidationAttribute
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Marker attribute for unique key
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="groupId">Optional, used to group multiple entity properties together into a combined Unique Key</param>
    /// <param name="order">Optional, used to order the entity properties that are part of a combined Unique Key</param>
    public UniqueKeyAttribute(string groupId = null, int order = 0)
    {
        GroupId = groupId;
        Order = order;
    }

    public string GroupId { get; set; }
    public int Order { get; set; }
}

在DbContext.cs文件的OnModelCreating（modelBuilder）方法内，添加以下内容：

// Iterate through all EF Entity types
foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model.GetEntityTypes())
{
    #region Convert UniqueKeyAttribute on Entities to UniqueKey in DB
    var properties = entityType.GetProperties();
    if ((properties != null) && (properties.Any()))
    {
        foreach (var property in properties)
        {
            var uniqueKeys = GetUniqueKeyAttributes(entityType, property);
            if (uniqueKeys != null)
            {
                foreach (var uniqueKey in uniqueKeys.Where(x => x.Order == 0))
                {
                    // Single column Unique Key
                    if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(uniqueKey.GroupId))
                    {
                        entityType.AddIndex(property).IsUnique = true;
                    }
                    // Multiple column Unique Key
                    else
                    {
                        var mutableProperties = new List<IMutableProperty>();
                        properties.ToList().ForEach(x =>
                        {
                            var uks = GetUniqueKeyAttributes(entityType, x);
                            if (uks != null)
                            {
                                foreach (var uk in uks)
                                {
                                    if ((uk != null) && (uk.GroupId == uniqueKey.GroupId))
                                    {
                                        mutableProperties.Add(x);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        });
                        entityType.AddIndex(mutableProperties).IsUnique = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    #endregion Convert UniqueKeyAttribute on Entities to UniqueKey in DB
}

也在您的DbContext.cs类中，添加以下私有方法：

private static IEnumerable<UniqueKeyAttribute> GetUniqueKeyAttributes(IMutableEntityType entityType, IMutableProperty property)
{
    if (entityType == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(entityType));
    }
    else if (entityType.ClrType == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(entityType.ClrType));
    }
    else if (property == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(property));
    }
    else if (property.Name == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(property.Name));
    }
    var propInfo = entityType.ClrType.GetProperty(
        property.Name,
        BindingFlags.NonPublic |
        BindingFlags.Public |
        BindingFlags.Static |
        BindingFlags.Instance |
        BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
    if (propInfo == null)
    {
        return null;
    }
    return propInfo.GetCustomAttributes<UniqueKeyAttribute>();
}

在Entity.cs类中的用法：

public class Company
{
    [Required]
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public Guid CompanyId { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [UniqueKey(groupId: "1", order: 0)]
    [StringLength(100, MinimumLength = 1)]
    public string CompanyName { get; set; }
}

您甚至可以在多个属性中使用它来在表中的多个列之间形成唯一键。（请注意，先使用“ groupId”，然后再使用“ order”）

public class Company
{
    [Required]
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public Guid CompanyId { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [UniqueKey(groupId: "1", order: 0)]
    [StringLength(100, MinimumLength = 1)]
    public string CompanyName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [UniqueKey(groupId: "1", order: 1)]
    [StringLength(100, MinimumLength = 1)]
    public string CompanyLocation { get; set; }
}

Answer 3

为了更新，现在有一个代码优先注释。

[Index(nameof(MyProperty), IsUnique = true)] // using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore
public class MyClass
{
    [Key, DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
    public Guid Id { get; set; }

    [StringLength(255), Required]
    public string MyProperty { get; set; }
}

Answer 4

在 DbContext.cs 文件中，在 OnModelCreating(modelBuilder) 方法中，在最后一个 ForEach 上，我有 .OrderBy(o => o.Order)

EF Core中是否有唯一约束的数据注释（代码优先）？

4 个答案: