我正在开发一个webapp，它包含一个部分，我绘制一个函数的图形，坐标系由Canvas制作。问题是，我无法放大我的坐标系。我想让它能够放大和缩小+使用鼠标移动坐标系。放大/缩小时，x和y值也应增大/减小。
有人可以帮我吗？
我搜索了一些解决方案，但我找不到任何有用的东西。这就是我决定在这里问的原因。
以下是我的代码：
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="300" height="300" style="border:1px solid #d3d3d3;"></canvas>
<!--Canva startup-->
<script>
// Setup values
var height = 300;
var width = 300;
var zoomFactor = 15;
// --------
var c = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var xZero = width / 2;
var yZero = height / 2;
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
// Draw Cord-System-Grid
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(xZero, 0);
ctx.lineTo(xZero, height);
ctx.strokeStyle = "#000000";
ctx.stroke();
ctx.moveTo(0, yZero);
ctx.lineTo(width, yZero);
ctx.strokeStyle = "#000000";
ctx.stroke();
ctx.beginPath();
// Draw Numbers
ctx.font = "10px Georgia";
var heightTextX = yZero + 10;
for(var i = 0; i < width; i = i + width / 10) {
var numberX = (-1 * xZero / zoomFactor) + i / zoomFactor;
ctx.fillText(numberX, i, heightTextX);
}
var heightTextY = yZero + 10;
for(var n = 0; n < height; n = n + height / 10) {
var numberY = (-1 * yZero / zoomFactor) + n / zoomFactor;
if(numberY !== 0)
ctx.fillText(numberY * -1, heightTextY, n);
}
</script>
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我之前也对这个问题感到困惑，但终于解决了。
实际上，我们必须模拟支持缩放和平移的画布视口。
在这里，我列出了缩放和平移的解决方案
您可以运行代码，然后首先查看结果（放大或缩小鼠标），而不是首先分析代码详细信息，如果它是您想要的，那么您可以在代码中找到答案。
class ViewPort {
constructor(canvas) {
this.canvas = canvas
/**
* Point used to calculate the change of every point's position on
* canvas after view port is zoomed and panned
*/
this.center = this.basicCenter
this.zoom = 1
this.shouldPan = false
this.prevZoomingPoint = null
}
get canvasWidth() {
return this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect().width
}
get canvasHeight() {
return this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect().height
}
get canvasLeft() {
return this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect().left
}
get canvasTop() {
return this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect().top
}
get context() {
return this.canvas.getContext('2d')
}
get basicCenter() {
const { canvasWidth, canvasHeight } = this
const point = {
x: canvasWidth / 2,
y: canvasHeight / 2
}
return point
}
get basicWidth() {
const width = this.canvasWidth
return width
}
get basicHeight() {
const height = this.canvasHeight
return height
}
get width() {
const { basicWidth, zoom } = this
const width = basicWidth * zoom
return width
}
get height() {
const { basicHeight, zoom } = this
const height = basicHeight * zoom
return height
}
get movement() {
const { width, height, basicWidth, basicHeight } = this
const { x: cx, y: cy } = this.center
const { x: basicCX, y: basicCY } = this.basicCenter
const deltaX = cx - basicCX - ((width - basicWidth) / 2)
const deltaY = cy - basicCY - ((height - basicHeight) / 2)
const res = {
x: deltaX,
y: deltaY
}
return res
}
get pan() {
const { center, zoom, basicCenter } = this
const res = {
x: center.x - basicCenter.x,
y: center.y - basicCenter.y
}
return res
}
zoomBy(center, deltaZoom) {
const prevZoom = this.zoom
this.zoom = this.zoom + deltaZoom
this.center = this.zoomPoint(center, this.zoom / prevZoom, this.center)
}
zoomIn(point) {
this.zoomBy(point, 0.1)
}
zoomOut(point) {
this.zoom > 0.25 && this.zoomBy(point, -0.1)
}
zoomPoint(center, rate, point) {
const { x: cx, y: cy } = center
const { x, y } = point
const deltaX = (x - cx) * rate
const deltaY = (y - cy) * rate
const newPoint = {
x: cx + deltaX,
y: cy + deltaY
}
return newPoint
}
panBy(deltaX, deltaY) {
const { x: centerX, y: centerY } = this.center
this.center = {
x: centerX + deltaX,
y: centerY + deltaY
}
}
getDeltaPointToPrevPanningPoint(point) {
const { x, y } = point
const { x: prevX, y: prevY } = this.prevZoomingPoint
const deltaPoint = {
x: x - prevX,
y: y - prevY
}
return deltaPoint
}
startPan(event) {
const point = {
x: event.x - this.canvasLeft,
y: event.y - this.canvasTop,
}
this.shouldPan = true
this.prevZoomingPoint = point
}
panning(event) {
const point = {
x: event.x - this.canvasLeft,
y: event.y - this.canvasTop,
}
const deltaX = this.getDeltaPointToPrevPanningPoint(point).x
const deltaY = this.getDeltaPointToPrevPanningPoint(point).y
this.prevZoomingPoint = point
this.panBy(deltaX, deltaY)
}
stopPan() {
this.shouldPan = false
}
transformToInitial(point) {
const { x, y } = point
const { movement, zoom } = this
const res = {
x: (x - movement.x) / zoom,
y: (y - movement.y) / zoom
}
return res
}
transform(point) {
const { x, y } = point
const { movement, zoom } = this
const res = {
x: x * zoom + movement.x,
y: y * zoom + movement.y
}
return res
}
clearCanvas() {
this.context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0)
this.context.clearRect(
0,
0,
viewPort.canvasWidth,
viewPort.canvasHeight
)
}
}
class Interaction {
constructor({
canvas,
viewPort,
dragger
}) {
canvas.removeEventListener("mousewheel", mousewheelListener)
canvas.addEventListener("mousewheel", mousewheelListener)
canvas.removeEventListener("mousedown", mousedownListener)
canvas.addEventListener("mousedown", mousedownListener)
canvas.removeEventListener("mousemove", mousemoveListener)
canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", mousemoveListener)
canvas.removeEventListener("mouseup", mouseupListener)
canvas.addEventListener("mouseup", mouseupListener)
function mousewheelListener(event) {
event.preventDefault()
const point = {
x: event.x - canvas.getBoundingClientRect().left,
y: event.y - canvas.getBoundingClientRect().top,
}
const { deltaX, deltaY } = event
if (isDecreasing()) {
viewPort.zoomIn(point)
}
if (isIncreasing()) {
viewPort.zoomOut(point)
}
function isIncreasing() {
const res = deltaX > 0 || deltaY > 0
return res
}
function isDecreasing() {
const res = deltaX < 0 || deltaY < 0
return res
}
render()
}
function mousedownListener(event) {
viewPort.startPan(event)
}
function mousemoveListener(event) {
viewPort.shouldPan && viewPort.panning(event)
viewPort.shouldPan && render()
}
function mouseupListener(event) {
viewPort.stopPan(event)
}
}
}
const canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas")
const viewPort = new ViewPort(canvas)
const interaction = new Interaction({ viewPort, canvas })
function render() {
const { abs, max } = Math
const { zoom, movement, context: ctx, pan, center, basicCenter } = viewPort
viewPort.clearCanvas()
ctx.setTransform(zoom, 0, 0, zoom, movement.x, movement.y)
// Original codes are rewrote
const { canvasWidth, canvasHeight } = viewPort
const interval = 20
const basicWidth = canvasWidth
const basicHeight = canvasHeight
const potentialWidth = 2 * max(abs(viewPort.transformToInitial({ x: 0, y: 0 }).x - basicCenter.x), abs(viewPort.transformToInitial({ x: basicWidth, y: 0 }).x - basicCenter.x))
const width = potentialWidth > basicWidth ? potentialWidth : basicWidth
const potentialHeight = 2 * max(abs(viewPort.transformToInitial({ x: 0, y: 0 }).y - basicCenter.y), abs(viewPort.transformToInitial({ x: 0, y: basicHeight }).y - basicCenter.y))
const height = potentialHeight > basicHeight ? potentialHeight : basicHeight
drawXAxis()
drawYAxis()
drawOriginCoordinate()
drawXCoordinates()
drawYCoordinates()
function drawXAxis() {
const path = new Path2D
path.moveTo(basicCenter.x - width / 2, basicHeight / 2)
path.lineTo(basicCenter.x + width / 2, basicHeight / 2)
ctx.stroke(path)
}
function drawYAxis() {
const path = new Path2D
path.moveTo(basicWidth / 2, basicCenter.y - height / 2)
path.lineTo(basicWidth / 2, basicCenter.y + height / 2)
ctx.stroke(path)
}
function drawOriginCoordinate() {
ctx.fillText(`O`, basicCenter.x + 5, basicCenter.y - 5)
}
function drawXCoordinates() {
for (let i = 1; i <= width / 2 / interval; i++) {
total = i * interval
ctx.fillText(` ${i} `, basicCenter.x + total, basicHeight / 2)
}
for (let i = 1; i <= width / 2 / interval; i++) {
total = i * interval
ctx.fillText(` -${i} `, basicCenter.x - total, basicHeight / 2)
}
}
function drawYCoordinates() {
for (let i = 1; i <= height / 2 / interval; i++) {
total = i * interval
ctx.fillText(` ${i} `, basicWidth / 2, basicCenter.y + total)
}
for (let i = 1; i <= height / 2 / interval; i++) {
total = i * interval
ctx.fillText(` -${i} `, basicWidth / 2, basicCenter.y - total)
}
}
}
render()<canvas id="myCanvas" width="300" height="300" style="border:1px solid #d3d3d3;"></canvas>