Question

我有一个用作参数容器的类：

class Parameters:
    param1 = {'name': 'color', 'value': 'blue'}
    param2 = {'name': 'distance', 'value': 'far, far away'}
    .
    .
    .

我可以指定可以写入参数的值吗？例如，颜色可以只是蓝色和红色，如果我这样做：

params.param1['value'] = 'green'

它应该失败。

在C ++中，我可以创建一个枚举并将其用作类型，我想在Python中也应该可以使用类似的功能。

Answer 1

你可以继承dict并在那里添加你的控件。然后定义param1 = ControlDict({...})。

class ControlDict(dict):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.permitted_vals = {'onekey': {1, 2, 3},
                               'value': {'blue', 'red'}}

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
        other = dict(args[0])
        for key in other:
            if other[key] not in self.permitted_vals[key]:
                raise ValueError("invalid value supplied for {0}".format(key))
            self[key] = other[key]


d = ControlDict({})

d.update({'value': 'blue'})
# works

d.update({'value': 'green'})
# ValueError: invalid value supplied for value

Answer 2

您可以使用描述符。描述符将是可通过 dot 表示法访问的类的属性。

from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary

class RestrictedColor:
    """A descriptor that restricts values"""
    def __init__(self, default):
        self.value = default
        self.data = WeakKeyDictionary()

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self.data.get(instance, self.value)

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if value.lower() not in ('blue','red'):
            raise ValueError(f'{value} is not allowed')
        self.data[instance] = value                            

class Parameters:
    color = RestrictedColor('blue')

用法：

>>> p = Parameters()
>>> p.color
'blue'
>>> p.color = 'orange'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module>
    p.color = 'orange'
  File "foo.py", line 40, in __set__
    raise ValueError(f'{value} is not allowed')
ValueError: orange is not allowed
>>> p.color = 'red'
>>> p.color
'red'
>>> getattr(p, 'color')
'red'
>>>

如果您需要参数实例可订阅：

class BenignDescriptor:
    """A descriptor that accepts anything"""
    def __init__(self, default):
        self.value = default
        self.data = WeakKeyDictionary()
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self.data.get(instance, self.value)
    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        self.data[instance] = value                            

class Parameters:
    color = RestrictedColor('blue')
    distance = BenignDescriptor('far, far away')

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return getattr(self, item)
    def __setitem__(self, item, value):
        return setattr(self, item, value)

用法

>>> p = Parameters()
>>> p['color']
'blue'
>>> p.distance
'far, far away'
>>> p['distance'] = 'close'
>>> p['distance']
'close'
>>>

在python字典中指定可能的值

2 个答案: