我有以下C ++代码,暂时忽略了在程序中实际执行此操作的不良做法。
#include<iostream>
//#include <type_traits>
using namespace std;
class P{
public:
void rebase(P* self);
virtual void print();
virtual ~P(){}
};
class C: public P{
virtual void print();
};
void P::rebase(P* self){
//memory leak is detected, but no leak actually happens
delete self;
self=new C();
}
void P::print(){
cout<<"P"<<endl;
}
void C::print(){
cout<<"C"<<endl;
}
int main(){
P *test;
test= new P();
test->print();
for(int i=0;i<10000;i++) test->rebase(test);//run the "leaking" code 10000 times to amplify any leak
test->print();
delete test;
while (true);//blocks program from stoping so we can look at it with pmap
}
我通过valgrind发送了这段jenky代码,它报告了P :: rebase()中的内存泄漏,但是当我查看内存使用没有泄漏时,为什么valgrind认为有?
==5547== LEAK SUMMARY:
==5547== definitely lost: 80,000 bytes in 10,000 blocks
==5547== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5547== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5547== still reachable: 72,704 bytes in 1 blocks
==5547== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==5547== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==5547==
==5547== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==5547== ERROR SUMMARY: 30001 errors from 7 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
我用sudo pmap -x
进行了双重检查,没有泄漏
total kB 13272 2956 180
答案 0 :(得分:7)
你确实有内存泄漏。
的问题void P::rebase(P* self){
//memory leak is detected, but no leak actually happens
delete self;
self=new C();
}
您是按值传递指针吗?这意味着来自main的指针永远不会重新分配新地址,并且当函数结束时,self
超出范围时实际上会丢失它。如果你使用
void P::rebase(P*& self){
//memory leak is detected, but no leak actually happens
delete self;
self=new C();
}
如果你通过引用传递指针,那么你就不会有内存泄漏。
你的函数中也有未定义,因为你一直在指针上调用delete并且多次调用指针上的delete,如果它不是null,则是未定义的行为。
基本上你的代码与
相同int* a = new int;
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
{
int* b = a; // we copy the address held by a
delete b; // uh oh we call delete on that same address again
b = new int; // put new memory in b, this does nothing to a
} // leak here as b goes out of scope and we no longer have the address it held
答案 1 :(得分:1)
Valgrind是正确的。
void P::rebase(P* self){
//memory leak is detected, but no leak actually happens
delete self;
self=new C();
}
这有两个问题 - 它不会返回指向程序的新指针 它删除了一个正在运行的对象。
删除正在运行的对象可能会导致函数末尾的代码崩溃,因为离开函数需要对象引用。
当调用test-&gt; print()时,代码可能会崩溃。我认为编译器正在为两个对象重用内存。如果你改变它们,例如
P* old = self;
self=new C();
delete old;
然后它就行不通了。
对测试的非虚拟调用将起作用,但会导致未定义的行为。由于真实物体在第一次通话后被摧毁。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
Valgrind是一个软件,它有自己的逻辑,并根据其逻辑创建警告列表,如果它的一些条件满足它被认为是内存泄漏。它不一定是完美的内存泄漏。如果您认为可以忽略此类警告,则可以忽略它。
但在你的情况下,我可以看到明显的内存泄漏。您从类C
实例化了一个对象,但您永远不会释放内存。这就是C ++的原因,我们鼓励使用智能指针来避免这种错误。
self=new C();