我的教授问这个问题是为了做作业。
查阅Linux手册或Microsoft Windows手册。在您选择的操作系统中查找过程控制块（过程描述符）的实际内容。
我知道一般PCB包含
流程编号或流程ID
流程状态
程序计数器
CPU寄存器
CPU调度信息
内存管理信息
会计信息
I / O状态信息
我正在尝试查找手册，但我没有在网上看到它。任何人都可以帮我这个。
答案 0 :(得分：5)
根据我在Linux中的理解，PCB或流程描述符由内核动态分配，不能直接从用户空间读取。
IBM的developerWorks库有一篇很好的文章，向您展示如何为Linux创建内核模块并访问task_struct struct。
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-process-management/index.html
希望这有帮助。
edit：在Linux v2.6.37中定义的task_struct：http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v2.6.37/include/linux/sched.h#L1182
由谷歌提供。 ：）
答案 1 :(得分：1)
对于Linux，启动here（并转到更新版本的Linux内核）。虽然陈旧，但这应该足以帮助您找到答案。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
对于Windows，您可以查看名为“PEB”的用户模式等效项。可以使用'！peb'使用WinDbg进行检查。
答案 3 :(得分：0)
这可以帮到你。我以前发布过它但出于安全原因我不得不取消帐户。
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <string>
#include "proc.h"
#include "rq.h"
using namespace std;
// creates a vector of Queues
void load_queue(vector<rq> &queue, unsigned int num_of_queues)
{
for(int pos=0; pos<num_of_queues; pos++)
{
queue.push_back(rq());
}
}
//returns the biggest queue position in the vector
unsigned int get_biggest_queue_pos(vector<rq> queues)
{
unsigned int queue_pos = 0; // Pos of smaller queue. Default 0.
unsigned int queue_size = queues.at(queue_pos).size(); // Its size
for(unsigned int pos = 0; pos < queues.size(); pos++)
{
if(queues.at(pos).size() > queue_size)
{
queue_pos = pos;
queue_size = queues.at(pos).size();
}
}
return queue_pos; // Return smaller queue position in vector.
}
// Returns the smaller queue position in the vector.
unsigned int get_smaller_queue_pos(vector<rq> queues)
{
unsigned int queue_pos = 0; // Pos of smaller queue. Default 0.
unsigned int queue_size = queues.at(queue_pos).size(); // Its size
for(unsigned int pos = 0; pos < queues.size(); pos++)
{
if(queues.at(pos).size() < queue_size)
{
queue_pos = pos;
queue_size = queues.at(pos).size();
}
}
return queue_pos; // Return smaller queue position in vector.
}
//Searches for a PID in entire system and erases it.
bool get_pid_process(vector<rq> &queue, int id)
{
vector <proc> temp;
proc process(0,0,0);
int check;
int number=id;
int size=queue.size();
/*checks rest of queues, including ready queues and device queues*/
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
{
temp=queue[i].get_queue();
int size1=temp.size();
for(int j=0; j<size1; j++)
{
process=temp.at(j);
check=process.get_pid();
if(check==number)
{
cout<<"Process found in a queue and being erased..."<<endl;
queue[i].remove_process(j);
float cputime=process.get_burst();
float burstime=process.get_average();
cout<<"Process information:"<<endl;
cout<<"PID: "<<number<<endl<<"Acc CPU time: "<<cputime<<endl<<"Average burst time: "<<burstime<<endl;
cout<<"Process killed"<<endl<<endl;
return true;
}
}
}
/*Checks all CPUs in ready queues*/
for(int k=0; k<size; k++)
{
temp=queue[k].get_cpu();
process=temp.front();
check=process.get_pid();
if(check==number)
{
cout<<"Process found in a CPU and being erased..."<<endl;
float cputime=process.get_burst();
float burstime=process.get_average();
queue[k].clear_cpu();
cout<<"Process information:"<<endl;
cout<<"PID: "<<number<<endl<<"Acc CPU time: "<<cputime<<endl<<"Average burst time: "<<burstime<<endl;
cout<<"Process killed"<<endl<<endl;
return true;//ends if PID is found in CPU and returns true
}
}
return false;
}
int main()
{
cout << "Sys gen starting..."<<endl;
cout<<"Please enter the amount of CPUs (between 1 and 9)"<<endl;
int cpu;
cin>>cpu;
while(cpu<1 || cpu>9)
{
cout<<"Invalid value, please re-enter amount:"<<endl;
cin>>cpu;
}
cout<<"Enter amount of PRINTERs:"<<endl;
int pr;
cin>>pr;
cout<<"Enter amount of DISKs:"<<endl;
int di;
cin>>di;
cout<<"Enter amount of CD/RWs:"<<endl;
int cd;
cin>>cd;
int devices=(cpu*2)+pr+di+cd;//amount of devices(queues and CPU's)
int PID=0;
int PCB=0;
vector<rq> RQ; //vector of ready queues
vector<rq> PQ; //vector of printer queues
vector<rq> DQ; //vector of disk queues
vector<rq> CQ; //vector of CD/RW queues
load_queue(RQ, cpu);
load_queue(PQ, pr); //load printer queues to PQ vector
load_queue(DQ, di); // ...
load_queue(CQ, cd); // ...
cout << "Running section..." <<endl<< endl;
cout<<"Start inputting commands; To terminate program press E or e at any time:"<<endl;
while(true)
{
string device;//for name of device
string enter;//for input
cin>>enter;
int correspond=0;
int smaller;
char num11=enter[0];//1st position character
char input=enter[1];//2nd position char
char num=enter[2];//3rd position char
int num1=num11 -'0';//1st position integer
int n=num -'0';//3rd position int
int inp=input - '0';//2nd position int
int empty;
/*creates a new process and puts it into emptiest Ready Queue*/
if(num11=='A')
{
smaller=get_smaller_queue_pos(RQ); //determines which ready queue has less processes
RQ[smaller].create_process(smaller, PID, PCB);
PID++;
PCB++;
if(RQ[smaller].get_cpu().size() == 0)
{
RQ[smaller].cpu();
}
}
/*terminates a process from a particular CPU*/
else if(input=='t')
{
if(num1>0 && num1<=cpu)
{
RQ[num1-1].terminate();
PCB--;
RQ[num1-1].cpu();
}
else
{
cout<<"Invalid entry"<<endl;
}
}
/*Prints out a snapshot of a particular device Q or the ready queues*/
else if(num11 == 'S')
{
cout << "Select a queue: "<<endl;
char sele;
cin >> sele;
switch(sele)
{
case 'p':
if(pr==0)
{
cout<<"There are no printer queues created."<<endl;
}
else
{
device="Printer";
cout<<"A snapshot of your "<<device<<" queues:"<<endl<<"PCB\tPID\tLENGTH\tLOCATION\tFILE NAME\tUsed CPU time(ms)\tAverage Burst time(ms)"<<endl;
for(int i = 0; i < PQ.size(); i++)
{
cout<<device<<" "<<i+1<<":"<<endl;
PQ.at(i).snapshot(device);
}
}
break;
case 'r':
cout<<endl<<"___A Snapshot of your Ready Queue(s)___"<<endl;
for(int i = 0; i < RQ.size(); i++)
{
cout<<"Ready queue "<<i+1<<":"<<endl;
RQ[i].snapshot();
}
break;
case 'd':
if(di==0)
{
cout<<"There are no disk queues created."<<endl;
}
else
{
device="Disk";
cout<<"A snapshot of your "<<device<<" queues:"<<endl<<"PCB\tPID\tLENGTH\tLOCATION\tFILE NAME\tUsed CPU time(ms)\tAverage Burst time(ms)"<<endl;
for(int i = 0; i < PQ.size(); i++)
{
cout<<device<<" "<<i+1<<":"<<endl;
DQ.at(i).snapshot(device);
}
}
break;
case 'c':
if(cd==0)
{
cout<<"There are no cd/rw queues created."<<endl;
}
else
{
device="Cd/rw";
cout<<"A snapshot of your "<<device<<" queues:"<<endl<<"PCB\tPID\tLENGTH\tLOCATION\tFILE NAME\tUsed CPU time(ms)\tAverage Burst time(ms)"<<endl;
for(int i = 0; i < PQ.size(); i++)
{
cout<<device<<" "<<i+1<<":"<<endl;
CQ.at(i).snapshot(device);
}
}
break;
default:
cout << "No such queue; wrong option." << endl;
break;
}
}
/*moves a process from a particular CPU into a particular printer queue*/
else if(input=='p')
{
if(n>pr)
{
cout<<"You are exceding the amount of queues available for this device."<<endl;
}
else
{
/*start of push */
vector <proc> temp1;
int big;
temp1=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
if (temp1.empty())
{
big=get_biggest_queue_pos(RQ);
temp1=RQ[big].get_front();
temp1.at(0).change_q(num1-1);
RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(temp1.front());
RQ[num1-1].cpu();
}
/*end of push */
int ind=1;// to determines it's a printer when asking for parameters
vector <proc> temp;
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
int nn=temp.at(0).get_first();//to determine if process already has parameters (if nn=1)
if(nn==0)
{
RQ[num1-1].get_info(ind);//input process parameters
RQ[num1-1].bur_info();
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
}
else
{
RQ[num1-1].bur_info();
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
}
RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.front();
PQ[n-1].enter_to_rq(te);
}
}
/*moves a process from a particular CPU into a particular disk queue*/
else if(input=='d')
{
if(n>di)
{
cout<<"You are exceding the amount of queues available for this device."<<endl;
}
else
{
/*start of push */
vector <proc> temp1;
int big;
temp1=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
if (temp1.empty())
{
big=get_biggest_queue_pos(RQ);
temp1=RQ[big].get_front();
temp1.at(0).change_q(num1-1);
RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(temp1.front());
RQ[num1-1].cpu();
}
/*end of push */
int ind=0;// to determine it's a printer when asking for parameters
vector <proc> temp;
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
int nn=temp.at(0).get_first();//to determine if process already has parameters (if nn=1)
if(nn==0)
{
RQ[num1-1].get_info(ind);//input process parameters
RQ[num1-1].bur_info();
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
}
else
{
RQ[num1-1].bur_info();
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
}
RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.front();
DQ[n-1].enter_to_rq(te);
}
}
/*moves a process from a particular CPU into a particular cd/rw queue*/
else if(input=='c')
{
if(n>pr)
{
cout<<"You are exceding the amount of queues available for this device."<<endl;
}
else
{
/*start of push */
vector <proc> temp1;
int big;
temp1=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
if (temp1.empty())
{
big=get_biggest_queue_pos(RQ);
temp1=RQ[big].get_front();
temp1.at(0).change_q(num1-1);
RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(temp1.front());
RQ[num1-1].cpu();
}
/*end of push */
int ind=0;// to determine it's a printer when asking for parameters
vector <proc> temp;
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
int nn=temp.at(0).get_first();//to determine if process already has parameters (if nn=1)
if(nn==0)
{
RQ[num1-1].get_info(ind);//input process parameters
RQ[num1-1].bur_info();
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
}
else
{
RQ[num1-1].bur_info();
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
}
RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.front();
CQ[n-1].enter_to_rq(te);
}
}
/*moves a process from a particular printer queue to it's ready queue*/
else if(num11=='P')
{
if(enter=="P")
{
cout<<"missing values"<<endl;
}
else if(inp>pr)
{
cout<<"Invalid input."<<endl;
}
else if(PQ[inp-1].tamano()==0)
{
cout<<"There are no more processes in the Queue"<<endl;
}
else
{
vector<proc> temp;
temp=PQ[inp-1].get_device();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.front();
correspond=te.get_q();
RQ[correspond].enter_to_rq(te);
}
}
/*moves a process from a particular disk queue to it's ready queue*/
else if(num11=='D')
{
if(enter=="D")
{
cout<<"missing values"<<endl;
}
else if(inp>di)
{
cout<<"Invalid input."<<endl;
}
else if(DQ[inp-1].tamano()==0)
{
cout<<"There are no more processes in the Queue"<<endl;
}
else
{
vector<proc> temp;
temp=DQ[inp-1].get_device();
correspond=DQ[inp-1].queue();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.front();
correspond=te.get_q();
RQ[correspond].enter_to_rq(te);
}
}
/*moves a process from a particular cr/rw queue to it's ready queue*/
else if(num11=='C')
{
if(enter=="C")
{
cout<<"missing values"<<endl;
}
else if(inp>cd)
{
cout<<"Invalid input."<<endl;
}
else if(CQ[inp-1].tamano()==0)
{
cout<<"There are no more processes in the Queue"<<endl;
}
else
{
vector<proc> temp;
temp=CQ[inp-1].get_device();
correspond=PQ[inp-1].queue();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.front();
correspond=te.get_q();
RQ[correspond].enter_to_rq(te);
}
}
/*terminates program*/
else if(num11=='E' || num11=='e')
{
return 0;
}
/*Moves process from CPU to it's ready queue*/
else if(input=='T')
{
if(enter=="T")
{
cout<<"missing values"<<endl;
}
else if (num1>cpu)
{
cout<<"Invalid entry, no such CPU."<<endl;
}
else if (num1==0)
{
cout<<"Invalid entry, no such CPU."<<endl;
}
else
{
vector<proc> temp;
temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();
RQ[num1-1].cpu_clear();
proc te(0,0,0);
te=temp.at(0);
RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(te);
RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu();
}
}
/*Kills a process determined by it's PID*/
else if(num11=='K')
{
if(enter=="K")
{
cout<<"missing values"<<endl;
}
else
{
/*Borrowed code to convert a string into an int*/
/*converts the rest of numbers into a separate string*/
int n=enter.length();
char number[n-1];
for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
{
number[j]=enter[j+1];
}
string final=number;
/*end of conversion, final= string containing PID*/
/*convert the string final into an int*/
int id;
stringstream test(final);
test>>id;
/*end of conversion, id= int containing PID*/
/*End of Borrowed code to convert a string into an int*/
if (id > PID)
{
cout<<"Invalid PID, no such process"<<endl;
}
else
{
/*Check if PID is in a Q or CPU and delete process*/
bool buscar;
buscar=get_pid_process(RQ, id);
if(buscar==false)
{
buscar=get_pid_process(PQ, id);
}
if(buscar==false)
{
buscar=get_pid_process(DQ, id);
}
if(buscar==false)
{
buscar=get_pid_process(CQ, id);
}
if(buscar==false)
{
cout<<"Process not found."<<endl;
}
}
}
}
/*If invalid input*/
else
{
cout<<"Invalid input, re-enter command."<<endl<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
答案 4 :(得分：0)
过程控制块
每个流程都有一个流程控制块，包含有关流程的所有信息。它是一种数据结构，包含以下内容：
流程状态 - 它可以正在运行，等待等。
进程ID和父进程ID。
CPU寄存器和程序计数器。程序计数器保存要为该过程执行的下一条指令的地址。
CPU调度信息 - 例如优先级信息和指向调度队列的指针。
内存管理信息 - 例如。页表或段表。
会计信息 - 消耗的用户和内核CPU时间，帐号，限制等
I / O状态信息 - 分配的设备，打开的文件表等
要了解详细信息，我建议您从这里学习 https://coderworld109.blogspot.in/2017/12/process-control-block-pcb.html https://coderworld109.blogspot.in/2017/12/operating-system-process-management.html