提升程序选项：链接错误

时间：2018-03-20 13:15:31

标签： c++ boost makefile g++ boost-program-options

我在服务器上编译C ++代码时遇到错误。

所以在这个特定的服务器上安装的标准g ++版本是4.4.6，我不能用于我的程序，因为我需要-std = c ++ 14。

所以我使用了另一个版本，它安装在另一个用户的主目录中，这是一个版本7.1，使用命令g ++ _ 71调用。

知道所有编译的文件，除了我使用boost program_options的一个类。

当只链接到-lboost_program_options时，它将无效，因为它将链接到旧版本的boost，它不支持我正在使用的功能，并且还使用4.4.6 gcc编译。

因此我下载了升级版本1.66.0并将其安装在我名为boost的文件夹中的主目录中。我确保使用正确的工具集g ++ _ 71安装了boost，即使这不应该改变program_options所在的仅包含头文件库的内容。

现在我仍然遇到链接器错误：

objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `OptionsParser::parseOptionsFromCommandline(int, char**)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text+0x28c2): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::options_description::options_description(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned int, unsigned int)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::validation_error::validation_error(boost::program_options::validation_error::kind_t, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options16validation_errorC2ENS1_6kind_tERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESA_i[_ZN5boost15program_options16validation_errorC5ENS1_6kind_tERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESA_i]+0x21): undefined reference to `_ZN5boost15program_options16validation_error12get_templateB5cxx11ENS1_6kind_tE'
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options16validation_errorC2ENS1_6kind_tERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESA_i[_ZN5boost15program_options16validation_errorC5ENS1_6kind_tERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESA_i]+0x3b): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::error_with_option_name(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::typed_value<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char>::xparse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&) const':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE6xparseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorIS7_SaIS7_EE[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE6xparseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorIS7_SaIS7_EE]+0x17): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::validate(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >*, int)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::typed_value<bool, char>::xparse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&) const':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE6xparseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaISB_EE[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE6xparseERNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaISB_EE]+0x17): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::validate(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, bool*, int)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::~error_with_option_name()':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options22error_with_option_nameD2Ev[_ZN5boost15program_options22error_with_option_nameD5Ev]+0x17): undefined reference to `vtable for boost::program_options::error_with_option_name'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::error_with_option_name(boost::program_options::error_with_option_name const&)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options22error_with_option_nameC2ERKS1_[_ZN5boost15program_options22error_with_option_nameC5ERKS1_]+0x22): undefined reference to `vtable for boost::program_options::error_with_option_name'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::basic_command_line_parser<char>::run()':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcE3runEv[_ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcE3runEv]+0x1b): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::detail::cmdline::get_canonical_option_prefix()'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::basic_command_line_parser<char>::basic_command_line_parser(int, char const* const*)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcEC2EiPKPKc[_ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcEC5EiPKPKc]+0x14d): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::to_internal(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcEC2EiPKPKc[_ZN5boost15program_options25basic_command_line_parserIcEC5EiPKPKc]+0x1e9): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::detail::cmdline::cmdline(std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `boost::program_options::basic_parsed_options<char> boost::program_options::parse_command_line<char>(int, char const* const*, boost::program_options::options_description const&, int, boost::function1<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&>)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options18parse_command_lineIcEENS0_20basic_parsed_optionsIT_EEiPKPKS3_RKNS0_19options_descriptionEiNS_9function1ISt4pairINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESJ_ERKSJ_EE[_ZN5boost15program_options18parse_command_lineIcEENS0_20basic_parsed_optionsIT_EEiPKPKS3_RKNS0_19options_descriptionEiNS_9function1ISt4pairINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESJ_ERKSJ_EE]+0xaf): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::detail::cmdline::set_additional_parser(boost::function1<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&>)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE4nameB5cxx11Ev':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE4nameEv[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcE4nameEv]+0x32): undefined reference to `_ZN5boost15program_options3argB5cxx11E'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIlcE4nameB5cxx11Ev':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIlcE4nameB5cxx11Ev[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIlcE4nameB5cxx11Ev]+0x32): undefined reference to `_ZN5boost15program_options3argB5cxx11E'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE4nameB5cxx11Ev':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE4nameB5cxx11Ev[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcE4nameB5cxx11Ev]+0x32): undefined reference to `_ZN5boost15program_options3argB5cxx11E'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIdcE4nameB5cxx11Ev':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIdcE4nameB5cxx11Ev[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIdcE4nameB5cxx11Ev]+0x32): undefined reference to `_ZN5boost15program_options3argB5cxx11E'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicE4nameB5cxx11Ev':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicE4nameB5cxx11Ev[_ZNK5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicE4nameB5cxx11Ev]+0x32): undefined reference to `_ZN5boost15program_options3argB5cxx11E'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `void boost::program_options::validate<double, char>(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, double*, long)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options8validateIdcEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l[_ZN5boost15program_options8validateIdcEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l]+0x4dd): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::invalid_option_value::invalid_option_value(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `void boost::program_options::validate<long, char>(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, long*, long)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options8validateIlcEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l[_ZN5boost15program_options8validateIlcEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l]+0x264): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::invalid_option_value::invalid_option_value(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o: In function `void boost::program_options::validate<int, char>(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, int*, long)':
OptionsParser.cpp:(.text._ZN5boost15program_options8validateIicEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l[_ZN5boost15program_options8validateIicEEvRNS_3anyERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIT0_St11char_traitsIS7_ESaIS7_EEESaISB_EEPT_l]+0x233): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::invalid_option_value::invalid_option_value(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEE]+0x20): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::what() const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::substitute_placeholders(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEEEE]+0x28): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::what() const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options20invalid_option_valueEEEEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::substitute_placeholders(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEE]+0x20): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::what() const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::substitute_placeholders(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEEEE]+0x28): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::what() const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEEEE[_ZTVN5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15program_options16validation_errorEEEEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::substitute_placeholders(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTIN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE[_ZTIN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for boost::program_options::error_with_option_name'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE]+0x20): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::what() const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options16validation_errorE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::substitute_placeholders(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options20invalid_option_valueE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options20invalid_option_valueE]+0x20): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::what() const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options20invalid_option_valueE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options20invalid_option_valueE]+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::error_with_option_name::substitute_placeholders(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcEE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::value_semantic_codecvt_helper<char>::parse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, bool) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicEE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIicEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::value_semantic_codecvt_helper<char>::parse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, bool) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIlcEE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIlcEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::value_semantic_codecvt_helper<char>::parse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, bool) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIdcEE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIdcEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::value_semantic_codecvt_helper<char>::parse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, bool) const'
objlinux/src/Utilities/Options/OptionsParser.o:(.rodata._ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcEE[_ZTVN5boost15program_options11typed_valueIbcEE]+0x38): undefined reference to `boost::program_options::value_semantic_codecvt_helper<char>::parse(boost::any&, std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&, bool) const'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [ACOPPD] Error 1

我尝试了不同的技术来解决此错误：

  • 我尝试在Makefile中执行推荐的include：#include "boost/program_options.hpp"和-I /home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0，因为只有header-only库的boost文档推荐它，program_options是。

  • 我尝试使用完整路径添加：#include "/home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0/boost/program_options.hpp"

  • 我尝试将-I /home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0 -L /home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0/libs包含在链接器和编译器标志中。

  • 除了其他内容之外，我还尝试添加-lboost_program_options。

  • 我尝试-lstdc++会改变任何内容。

没有什么能改变链接器的错误，我很无奈！

这是我当前的Makefile：

CFLAGS  := -std=c++14 -Wall -Ofast -march=native -Wunused-parameter
LDFLAGS :=  -lstdc++ -I /home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0 -L /home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0/libs

BUILDDIR    := objlinux
SOURCEDIR   := src
HEADERDIR   := include

SRCEXT := cpp
OBJEXT := o

SOURCES := $(shell find $(SOURCEDIR) -name '*.$(SRCEXT)')
OBJECTS := $(addprefix $(BUILDDIR)/,$(SOURCES:%.$(SRCEXT)=%.$(OBJEXT)))

BINARY  := ./ACOPPD

ECHO    := echo
RM      := rm -rf
MKDIR   := mkdir

.PHONY: all clean

all: $(BINARY)

$(BINARY): $(OBJECTS)
     g++_71 $(CFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $(BINARY) $(LDFLAGS)

$(BUILDDIR)/%.$(OBJEXT): %.$(SRCEXT)
     g++_71 $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -I $(HEADERDIR) -I $(dir $<) -c $< -o $@

clean:
    $(RM) $(BINARY) $(OBJECTS)

distclean: clean

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

-I选项指示编译器需要查找包含文件的位置，因此它属于编译器标志CFLAGS。

-L选项指示链接器需要查找库文件的位置，-l选项告诉链接器要包含哪些库，因此两者都应该进入LDFLAGS。

有了这些说法，您错过了-lboost_program_options中的LDFLAGS标记。因此，链接器不会包含boost_program_options库。 -L这里没有任何意义。

底线 - 试试这些：

CFLAGS  := -std=c++14 -Wall -Ofast -march=native -Wunused-parameter -I/home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0
LDFLAGS :=  -L/home/mkupper/boost/boost_1_66_0/libs -lstdc++ -lboost_program_options
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