无法在flask-python中导入动态生成的sqlalchemy类

时间:2018-03-17 05:19:13

标签: python sqlalchemy

刚开始学习flask和python,我不得不创建10个具有相同结构和约束的表(MySQLAlchemy)。因此,在寻找一个更快的解决方案而不是单独声明每个类之后,我在models / user.py中执行了以下操作:

#models/users.py
class exchangeapis(object):

email = db.Column(db.String(50), primary_key=True)
api =db.Column(db.String(100))
secret= db.Column(db.String(100))



@declared_attr.cascading 

# Makes sure all the dbs derived from this calss get the fK and PK

def email(cls):
        #this is necessary to propagate fk and pk to the instances
        return db.Column(db.String(50), db.ForeignKey('users.email'), primary_key=True)

#general methods to get class data       
def get_api(self):
    return self.api

def get_secret(self):
    return self.secret

exchange=['A','B','C']    
for exchange in exchanges:

cls=type(exchange.title(), (exchangeapis, db.Model), { '__tablename__' : str(exchange)+"_api"})
print(cls.__name__)

print(cls.__name__) 

给我'A','B','C'我希望是'A_api','B_api'......

当我尝试将其导入我的account / views.py文件时,使用以下内容:

from ..models import User, A_api

我得到“文件”/home/puru991/flask-saas/flask-base/app/account/views.py“,第8行,在     来自..models导入用户,A_api

ImportError:无法导入名称'A_api'“

但是如果我按以下方式定义类:

class A_api(db.Model):
__tablename__="A_api"
email = db.Column(db.String(50),ForeignKey("users.email"), primary_key=True)
api =db.Column(db.String(100))
secret= db.Column(db.String(100))

#general methods to get class data       
def get_api(self):
    return self.api

def get_secret(self):
    return self.secret

没有错误。所以我的问题是如何基于exchangeapi(对象)动态创建类并成功导入它们? 我在这里经历了大约8-10个答案,我可以学到的最多是如何动态创建它们。我还了解到,MySQLAlchemy创建了与tablename同名的类,所以我认为通过表名引用(即“A_api”)就可以了。我错过了什么?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您无法导入它们的原因是因为您的users.py文件中没有名为A_api的变量。

exchange=['A','B','C']    
for exchange in exchanges:
    cls=type(exchange.title(), (exchangeapis, db.Model), { '__tablename__' : str(exchange)+"_api"})
    print(cls.__name__)

在上面的代码中,您创建了三个类,每次将类分配给名为cls的变量。 for循环完成后,变量cls将成为最后创建的类,从技术上讲,您可以将此变量导入另一个模块(但不要这样做)。

如果您运行以下代码,则可以看到此内容:

exchange=['A','B','C']    
for exchange in exchanges:
    cls=type(exchange.title(), (exchangeapis, db.Model), { '__tablename__' : str(exchange)+"_api"})

# This will print C_api as it's the last assignment to cls in the for loop
print(cls.__name__)

关于表名/类名;你从类名中得到了错误的方法,Flask-SQLAlchemy derives the table name,将名为“CamelCase”的类转换为名为“camel_case”的表,除非你使用{{1覆盖表名称}}。允许定义表名允许您使用更多Pythonic命名的类名,但使用更传统的DB表名。

请参阅下面的工作代码简单演示,两个文件__tablename__models.py

<强> models.py

run.py

<强> run.py

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declared_attr

# This list will hold the dynamically created classes
dynamic_models = []

db = SQLAlchemy()


class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    email = db.Column(db.String(254), primary_key=True)
    # Other User fields


class ExchangeApiMixin(object):

    @declared_attr.cascading
    def email(cls):
        return db.Column(db.String(254), db.ForeignKey('users.email'), primary_key=True)

    api = db.Column(db.String(100))

    secret = db.Column(db.String(100))


for exchange in ['A_api', 'B_api', 'C_api']:
    cls = type(exchange, (ExchangeApiMixin, db.Model), {})
    print(cls.__name__)
    dynamic_models.append(cls)

# This will print C_api as it's the last assignment to cls in the for loop
print(cls.__name__)


# Individual variables also reference the dynamically created classes. The could be any legal python variable name
A_API = dynamic_models[0]
B_API = dynamic_models[1]
C_API = dynamic_models[2]

# Succinct way of creating the dynamic classes
(D_API, E_API, F_API) = [type(exchange, (ExchangeApiMixin, db.Model), {}) for exchange in ['D_api', 'E_api', 'F_api']]