在clojure中获取PersistentArrayMap的关键字

时间:2018-03-13 15:17:16

标签: json clojure

我的问题可能有点容易回答,但我刚刚开始学习clojure,而且我不知道如何做到这一点。

我有一个我已阅读并解析过的JSON文件。现在我必须获取此JSON的每个元素,然后根据类型进行处理。 例如,我有JSON:

{
  "foo": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "foo1"
  },
  "bar": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "bar1"
  },
  "foo": {
    "id": 2,
    "name": "foo2"
  },
  "bar": {
    "id": 2,
    "name": "bar2"
  }
}

所以,我想创建一个迭代我的JSON的每个元素的函数,然后为我的JSON的每个元素类型调用另一个带有倍数声明的函数。

问题是我不知道如何获得JSON元素类型...... 有人能帮助我吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您可以通过将其视为Clojure序列来获取地图的所有键值对。然后它表现为一个双元素向量序列,MapEntry元素序列更精确。当您在first上致电MapEntry时,您将获得密钥。

所以(first (seq {:a 1}))返回[:a 1](first [:a 1])返回:a,即密钥。不需要在此示例中调用seq,但只是为了使示例更加明确。

然后,您可以根据密钥编写case表达式来执行操作。为了使其更具可扩展性,您可以使用多方法。

(def json-str "{\n  \"foo\": {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"name\": \"foo1\"\n  },\n  \"bar\": {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"name\": \"bar1\"\n  },\n  \"foo\": {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"name\": \"foo2\"\n  },\n  \"bar\": {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"name\": \"bar2\"\n  }\n}")

(def parsed (cheshire.core/parse-string json-str true))
;; {:foo {:id 2, :name "foo2"}, :bar {:id 2, :name "bar2"}}

;; handle with case:

(defn handle-data
  [data]
  (doseq [[k v] data]
    (case k
      :foo (println "this is a foo!" v)
      :bar (println "this is a bar!" v)
      (throw (ex-info (str "Did not recognize key "
                           key)
                      {:key k
                       :map v})))))

;; handle with multimethods:

(defmulti do-thing-depending-on-key first)

(defmethod do-thing-depending-on-key :foo [[k v]]
  (println "this is a foo!" v))

(defmethod do-thing-depending-on-key :bar [[k v]]
  (println "this is a bar!" k))

(defmethod do-thing-depending-on-key :default [[k v]]
  (throw (ex-info (str "Did not recognize key "
                       key)
                  {:key k
                   :map v})))

(run! do-thing-depending-on-key parsed)
;; this is a foo! {:id 2, :name foo2}
;; this is a bar! {:id 2, :name bar2}
;; => nil

(run! do-thing-depending-on-key {:unknown {:id 3 :name "Unknown"}})
;; => 
;; clojure.lang.ExceptionInfo:
;; Did not recognize key :unknown {:key :unknown, :map {:id 3, :name "Unknown"}}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

对于这么简单的事情,多方法可能有点过分。我只使用cond

(ns tst.demo.core
  (:require
    [cheshire.core :as cheshire]
    [clojure.java.io :as io] ))

  (let [json-str (slurp (io/resource "data.json"))
        edn-data (cheshire/parse-string json-str true) ; need `true` to emit keywords
        ]
    (doseq [[type id-name-map] edn-data]
      (cond
        (= type :foo) (println :foo-proc id-name-map)
        (= type :bar) (println :bar-proc id-name-map)
        :else         (println :other-proc id-name-map) )))

结果:

:foo-proc {:id 2, :name foo2}
:bar-proc {:id 2, :name bar2}

需要project.clj中的以下内容:

  :dependencies [
    [cheshire "5.8.0"]
      ....

以及您的数据位于resources/data.json的位置:

~/expr/demo > cat resources/data.json 
{
  "foo": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "foo1"
  },
  "bar": {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "bar1"
  },  ....