我创建了一个汇编程序,它实现了biginteger来计算大的斐波纳契数。程序工作并使用gdb
我可以验证数字是否正确存储在内存中。
当我想要打印数字时问题出现了。通常我会使用printf
但是AFAIK它不支持大于64位的数字。这意味着我需要自己实现转换。我知道我需要计算余数mod 10
,但我不知道如何对数字这么大的数据。
代码
section .text
global _start
_start: mov eax, 192
xor ebx, ebx
mov ecx, 2048
mov edx, 0x6
mov esi, 0x22
mov edi, -1
xor ebp, ebp
int 0x80 ; allocate memory
lea r8, [eax] ; a
lea r9, [eax+1024] ; b
mov qword [r8], 0x1
mov qword [r9], 0x1
mov rbx, 0x2 ; fib num counter
jmp fib
fib: inc rbx ; num counter++
mov rsi, 0x0 ; addr for int
mov rdx, 128; counter for int
clc ; clear carry flag
add: mov rax, [r8+8*rsi]
adc rax, [r9+8*rsi] ; rax = a + b
mov rcx, [r8+8*rsi]
mov [r9+8*rsi], rcx ; b = a
mov [r8+8*rsi], rax ; a = a + b
inc rsi
dec rdx
jnz add ; repeat for whole bigint
call print
cmp rbx, 100 ; repeat for 100 fib nums
jl fib
jmp exit
print: ; what to do here?
ret
exit: mov eax, 0x1
xor ebx, ebx
int 0x80
答案 0 :(得分:3)
有一种有趣的经典算法叫做double-dabble(很容易找到很多引用),只使用shift和add将二进制无符号整数转换为二进制编码的十进制(BCD)。 BCD打印为ASCII十进制非常简单。
对于任意长度的整数,double-dabble效率不高,但实现起来很简单。
这是多字双重涉猎的C代码。它假定unsigned int
是32位并且在我的机器上正常工作。一个可以使它更便携,但我不打扰因为你打算翻译成装配。
汇编语言中的多字移位和添加可以更小,更简单,更快,因为您可以直接访问位。
#include <stdio.h>
typedef unsigned int word;
// Print BCD in x of given size.
void print(word *x, int size) {
for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; --i)
for (int j = 28; j >= 0; j -= 4) {
unsigned d = (x[i] >> j) & 0xf;
putchar('0' + d);
}
putchar('\n');
}
// Shift x of given size in words left one bit
void shift_left(word *x, int size) {
for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; --i) x[i] = (x[i] << 1) | (x[i - 1] >> 31);
x[0] <<= 1;
}
// Add small constant c to x of given size in words.
void add(word *x, int size, word c) {
word x0 = x[0] + c;
word carry = x0 < x[0];
x[0] = x0;
for (int i = 1; carry && i < size; ++i) {
word xi = x[i] + carry;
carry = xi < x[i];
xi = xi;
}
}
// Do the double dabble increment.
void double_dable_increment(word *bcd, int size) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
for (int j = 28; j >= 0; j -= 4) {
word digit = (bcd[i] >> j) & 0xfu;
if (digit >= 5) add(bcd + i, size - i, 3u << j);
}
}
}
// Convert binary in the low words of x into BCD in the high words.
void convert(word *x, int bin_size, int bcd_size) {
for (int i = 0; i < 32 * bin_size; ++i) {
double_dable_increment(x + bin_size, bcd_size);
shift_left(x, bin_size + bcd_size);
}
}
// Warning: Not portable. For simplicity, assumes 32-bit words.
#define BCD_BITS_PER_BINARY_BIT (1.20411998267)
#define WORDS_FROM_BITS(N) (((int)(N) + 31) / 32)
#define BCD_WORDS_FROM_BINARY_WORDS(N) \
WORDS_FROM_BITS(BCD_BITS_PER_BINARY_BIT * 32 * (N))
// Test problem uses 4 words.
#define SIZE 4
#define BCD_SIZE BCD_WORDS_FROM_BINARY_WORDS(SIZE)
int main(void) {
// Binary rep of 12345678901234567890123456789
word x[10] = { 0xae398115, 0xaadfa328u, 0x6015fec5u, 0x5ce0e9a5u, };
convert(x, SIZE, BCD_SIZE);
print(x + SIZE, BCD_SIZE);
return 0;
}
如果我们运行它,
$ ./a.out
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789