Arc和Arc后面的Trait对象的调用方法互斥

时间:2018-03-10 22:27:51

标签: rust

这个playground project有一个简化版本的代码我试图编译。

use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard};

pub trait Runnable {
    fn run(&mut self) -> Option<String>;
}

pub struct Value {}

impl Runnable for Value {
    fn run(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
        Some("Value".to_string())
    }
}

pub struct RunList {
    runnables: Vec<Arc<Mutex<Runnable>>>,
}

impl RunList {
    pub fn run<R>(&mut self, index: usize, mut runner: R)
    where
        R: FnMut(&mut MutexGuard<Runnable>),
    {
        let runnable_arc = self.runnables[index].clone();
        let mut runnable = runnable_arc.lock().unwrap();
        runner(&mut runnable);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut runnables = Vec::<Arc<Mutex<Runnable>>>::with_capacity(1);
    runnables.push(Arc::new(Mutex::new(Value {})));

    let mut run_list = RunList { runnables };

    run_list.run(0, |runnable| {
        println!("Hello, {}", runnable.run().unwrap());
    });
}

我想要一个特征对象的向量,其中每个对象都受ArcMutex的保护,然后能够在每个对象上调用特征方法。

我有一个&#34;借来的价值不够长的时间&#34;错误,但我看不出与this question/answer的区别。

error[E0597]: `runnable_arc` does not live long enough
  --> src/main.rs:25:28
   |
25 |         let mut runnable = runnable_arc.lock().unwrap();
   |                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^ borrowed value does not live long enough
26 |         runner(&mut runnable);
27 |     }
   |     - borrowed value only lives until here
   |
   = note: borrowed value must be valid for the static lifetime...

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您似乎在编译器的推理系统中遇到了一个小故障。将MutexGuard<Runnable>更改为MutexGuard<Runnable + 'static>可修复错误:

impl RunList {
    pub fn run<R>(&mut self, index: usize, mut runner: R)
    where
        R: FnMut(&mut MutexGuard<Runnable + 'static>),
    {
        let runnable_arc = self.runnables[index].clone();
        let mut runnable = runnable_arc.lock().unwrap();
        runner(&mut runnable);
    }
}

但有趣的是,将其更改为MutexGuard<'static, Runnable + 'static>会保留错误:

impl RunList {
    pub fn run<R>(&mut self, index: usize, mut runner: R)
    where
        R: FnMut(&mut MutexGuard<'static, Runnable + 'static>),
    {
        let runnable_arc = self.runnables[index].clone();
        let mut runnable = runnable_arc.lock().unwrap();
        runner(&mut runnable);
    }
}

为什么编译器会推断后者而不是前者呢?好吧,让我们来看看MutexGuard的定义:

pub struct MutexGuard<'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> { /* fields omitted */ }

MutexGuard<Runnable>中,Runnable是一个特征对象并获得一个隐式+ 'static绑定,因为没有明确的生命周期。似乎编译器试图通过推断,如果我们需要用'a替换第二次出现来统一'static的两次出现,那么我们需要对第一次出现做同样的事情。但是,该逻辑会忘记一个重要的细节:'static超过任何生命周期'a,因此没有理由强迫第一个'a成为'static。实际上,当我们写MutexGuard<Runnable + 'static>时,它与MutexGuard<'a, Runnable + 'static>相同(如何定义'a取决于上下文)。这是有效的,因为Runnable + 'static: 'a(您始终可以将具有生命周期'x的对象作为参数传递给期望更短生命周期'y的函数)。

记录中,该问题与FnMut特征无关;正常函数也会显示此行为:

impl RunList {
    pub fn run(&mut self, index: usize) {
        fn runner2(runnable: &mut MutexGuard<Runnable>) {
            println!("Hello, {}", runnable.run().unwrap());
        }

        let runnable_arc = self.runnables[index].clone();
        let mut runnable = runnable_arc.lock().unwrap();
        runner2(&mut runnable);
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您正在将MutexGuard的引用传递给runner,而不是对包装的runnable的引用。您需要插入deref:

pub fn run<R>(&mut self, index: usize, mut runner: R)
where
    R: FnMut(&mut Runnable),
{
    let runnable_arc = self.runnables[index].clone();
    let mut runnable = runnable_arc.lock().unwrap();
    runner(&mut *runnable);
}

根据我的理解,这个构造 - &mut * - 在这里不是必需的,因为MutexGuard实现了DerefMut特征。显然,这是一个已知问题:Why does a mutable borrow of a closure through DerefMut not work?