无法打破无限循环

Question

这里有与无限循环相关的各种帖子，但没有一个反映我的特殊困境（它们处理Java或者它们与我的代码格式不匹配等）。我使用的代码实际上是针对像我这样的新学生的练习的源代码或“答案代码”，它只提供“没有正确格式的正确代码”，这对于独立学生来说可以使事情复杂化，但也提高了效率挑战。

代码充分利用了'函数'和'从其他函数中调用函数'，结果只留下了很少的“全局代码”，这可能会使事情稍微复杂一些，但希望有经验的程序员不会被分阶段此

我认为循环是我的'while循环代码缩进'或'while循环条件/计数器代码本身'的问题。循环代码接受并使用来自程序代码其他部分的数据，不应该完全排除，但实际上我怀疑问题是缩进或内部循环代码本身的两个以前可能的问题之一，我已经尝试了多个'缩进布局'的变化以及快速修复（错误的语法等）。

有问题的代码可以在程序代码的末尾找到（程序代码中只有一个'while循环'）它位于代码的'menu options'部分'＃循环通过引号选择那些引用适当的月份并将数据存储在摘要字典中。

我已经包含了两个单独的代码窗口，一个突出显示可疑的“问题代码”，另一个突出显示“完整程序代码”。任何方面的任何帮助将不胜感激。

最容易出错的代码段

def monthlyReport():
    file = open(QUOTES_TO_DATE_FILE, 'r')

    text = file.read()

    file.close()

    quotes = text.split()

    month = input('Enter month: ')

    summary = {'Lawn':{'Quantity' : 0.0, 'Value' : 0.0}, 'Patio' :{'Quantity' : 0.0, 'Value' : 0.0}, 'Water Feature' :{'Quantity' : 0.0, 'Value' : 0.0}}
# Loop through quotes selecting those referencing the appropriate month and
#store the data in summary dictionary
    index = 0

    while True:

    if quotes[index] == month:

            inputQuotesFromFile2(quotes[index+1])    

            summary['Lawn']['Quantity'] = summary['Lawn']['Quantity'] + quote['Lawn']['Width'] * quote['Lawn']['Length']

            summary['Lawn']['Value'] = summary['Lawn']['Value'] + quote ['Lawn']['Cost']

            summary['Patio']['Quantity'] = summary['Patio']['Quantity'] + quote['Patio']['Width'] * quote['Patio']['Length']

            summary['Patio']['Value'] = summary['Patio']['Value'] + quote['Patio']['Cost']

            summary['Water Feature']['Quantity'] = summary['Water Feature']['Quantity'] + quote['Water Feature']['Quantity']

            summary['Water Feature']['Value'] = summary['Water Feature']['Value'] + quote['Water Feature']['Cost']

            index = index + 2

        if (index >= len(quotes)):

            break

        totalValue = summary['Lawn']['Value'] + summary['Patio']['Value'] + summary['Water Feature']['Value']

        outputSummaryDictionary(summary, month, totalValue)

完整的程序代码

# `Dictionary containing time values (mins) per square metre/ per feature
##lawn:20   patio:20  water feature:60
TIME = {'Lawn': 20, 'Patio': 20, 'Water Feature': 60}

# Constant for labour cost
##16.49
LABOUR_COST = 16.49

# Variable for filename of list of quotes made to date
##quotesToDateFile
QUOTES_TO_DATE_FILE = 'quotesToDateFile.txt'



# 'Global variables'

# A dictionary that stores quote data temporarily, contains sub dicts for each
#material type including keys for length, width, cost, time/quantity,cost, time
quote = {'Lawn':{'Length': 0 , 'Width': 0 , 'Cost': 0.0 , 'Time': 0.0},
         'Patio':{'Length': 0 , 'Width': 0, 'Cost': 0.0 , 'Time': 0.0 },
         'Water Feature':{'Quantity': 0 , 'Cost': 0.0 , 'Time': 0.0}}

# A dictionary storing material costs of individual items (can be updated)
materialCost = {'Lawn': 15.5, 'Patio': 20.99, 'Water Feature': 150}


# 'Input'

# Function to input material info defined by a length
##create function with named parameter for 'item'
def inputItemDimensions(item):

    s = 'Enter length of ' + item + ':'

    length = int(input('Enter length of material: '))

    s = 'Enter width of ' + item + ':'

    width = int(input('Enter width of material: '))

    return length, width

# Function to input material info defined by quantity
##create function with named parameter 'item
def inputItemQuantity(item):

    s = 'Enter quantity of ' + item + ':'

    quantity = int(input('Enter quantity of items: '))

    return quantity

# Function for input of area and quantity
def itemInput():

    global quote

    quote['Lawn']['Length'], quote['Lawn']['Width'] = inputItemDimensions('lawn')

    quote['Patio']['Length'], quote['Patio']['Width'] = inputItemDimensions('concrete patio')

    quote['Water Feature']['Quantity'] = inputItemQuantity('water feature')



# 'Cost calculation'

# Function to calculate, output to screen, return the material cost and time
#to install a landscape item installed by length and width
def costCalculation1(num, item, length, width, cost, time):

    print('[{0}]'.format(num))

    print('Length and width of the {0} = {1} x {2}m'.format(item, length, width))

    area = length * width

    print('Total area of {0} = {1:.2f}m^2'.format(item, area))


    print('Cost of {0} per m^2 = £{1:.2f}'.format(item, cost)) 


    totalCost = area * cost 

    print('Total cost of {0} = £{1}\n'.format(item, totalCost))

    totalTime = area * time

    return totalCost, totalTime

# Function to calculate, output to screen and return the material cost and time
#to install a landscape item installed by quantity
def costCalculation2(num, item, quantity, cost, time):

    print('[{0}]'.format(num))

    print('Quantity of {0} = {1} items'.format(item, quantity))

    print('Cost of one {0} = £{1:.2f}'.format(item, cost))

    totalCost = quantity * cost 

    print("Total cost of {0} {1} = £{2}\n".format(quantity, item, totalCost))

    totalTime = quantity * time

    return totalCost, totalTime

# Function to calculate individual costs of items
def calculateItemCosts():

    global quote

    quote['Lawn']['Cost'], quote['Lawn']['Time'] = costCalculation1('1', 'lawn', quote['Lawn']['Length'], quote['Lawn']['Width'], materialCost['Lawn'], TIME['Lawn'])

    quote['Patio']['Cost'], quote['Patio']['Time'] = costCalculation1('2', 'patio', quote['Patio']['Length'], quote['Patio']['Width'], materialCost['Patio'], TIME['Patio'])

    quote['Water Feature']['Cost'], quote['Water Feature']['Time'] = costCalculation2('3', 'water features', quote['Water Feature']['Quantity'], materialCost['Water Feature'], TIME['Water Feature'])


# Function to calculate workimg costs and output them
def workingCost():

    print('Working costs:')

    totalTime = (quote['Lawn']['Time'] + quote['Patio']['Time'] + quote['Water Feature']['Time']) / 60

    labourCost = totalTime * LABOUR_COST

    print('Total time to complete work = {0} mins'.format(totalTime))

    print('Cost of work per hour = £{0}'.format(LABOUR_COST)) 

    print('Total cost of work = £{0}\n'.format(labourCost))

# Calculate total fee payable by customer, output to screen and file
    materialCost = quote['Lawn']['Cost'] + quote['Patio']['Cost'] + quote['Water Feature']['Cost']

    totalCost = materialCost + labourCost

    print('Total cost to pay = £{0}\n'.format(totalCost))


# 'Output functions'

# Output details concerning item
def outputItems():

    outputItems1('1', 'Lawn', quote['Lawn'])

    outputItems1('2', 'Patio', quote['Patio'])

    outputItems2('3', 'Water Feature', quote['Water Feature'])


# Output dimensions and cost for certain item

def outputItems1(num, item, itemDict):

    print('[{0}]'.format(num))

    print('Length of width of {0} = {1}m x {2}m'.format(item, itemDict['Length'], itemDict['Width']))

    print('Total cost of {0} = £{1}'.format(item, itemDict['Cost']))

    print('Time to install {0} = {1}mins\n'.format(item, itemDict['Time'] / 60))

# Output quantity and cost for item

def outputItems2(num, item, itemDict):

    print('[{0}]'.format(num))

    print('Quantity of {0} = {1} items'.format(item, itemDict['Quantity']))

    print('Cost of one {0} = £{1:.2f}'.format(item, itemDict['Cost']))

    print('Time to install {0} = {1:.2f} hours\n'.format(item, itemDict['Time'] / 60))

# Output material cost dictionary
def outputMaterialCostDictionary():

    for key, value in materialCost.items():

        print('{0} = {1}'.format(key, value))

        print('\n')

# Output summary dictionary
def outputSummaryDictionary(summaryD, month, totalV):

    outputSummaryItem1(['Month', month, '', '', ''])

    outputSummaryItem1(['Total', '', 'Total', 'Total', 'Total'])

    outputSummaryItem1(['Working', 'Item', 'Square metre', 'Number', 'Monthly'])

    outputSummaryItem1(['Costs', '', 'Purchased', 'Purchased', 'Value'])  

    outputSummaryItem2('Lawn', summaryD['Lawn'])

    outputSummaryItem2('Patio', summaryD['Patio'])

    outputSummaryItem3('Water Feature', summaryD['Water Feature'])

    outputSummaryItem4(totalV)

# Output summary dictionary item ver 1
def outputSummaryItem1(sList):
    print('|{0:^13}|{1:^13}|{2:^13}|{3:^13}|{4:^13}|'.format(sList[0], sList[1], sList[2], sList[3], sList[4]))

# Output summary dictionary item ver 2
def outputSummaryItem2(name, item):
    print('|{0:^13}|{1:^13}|{2:13.2f}|{3:^13}|{4:13.2f}|'.format('', name, item['Quantity'], '', item['Value']))

# Output summary dictionary item ver 3
def outputSummaryItem3(name, item):
    print('|{0:^13}|{1:^13}|{2:^13}|{3:13.0f}|{4:13.2f}|'.format('', name, '', item['Quantity'], item['Value']))

# Output summary dictionary item ver 4
def outputSummaryItem4(totalValue):
    print('|{0:^13}|{1:^13}|{2:^13}|{3:^13}|{4:13.2f}|'.format('Total', '', '', '', totalValue))




# 'File handling'

# Function to output file
def outputToFile():

    filename = input('Enter file name: ')

    file = open(filename, 'w')

    month = input('Enter month:' )

    print('Filename = {0}....Month = {1}\n'.format(filename, month))

    file.write('{0}\n'.format(month))

    s = '{0} {1} {2} {3}\n'.format(quote['Lawn']['Length'], quote['Lawn']['Width'], quote['Lawn']['Cost'], quote['Lawn']['Time'])
    file.write(s)
    s = '{0} {1} {2} {3}\n'.format(quote['Patio']['Length'], quote['Patio']['Width'], quote['Patio']['Cost'], quote['Patio']['Time'])
    file.write(s)
    s = '{0} {1} {2}\n'.format(quote['Water Feature']['Quantity'], quote['Water Feature']['Cost'], quote['Water Feature']['Time'])
    file.write(s)
    file.close()


# Update quotes to date file 
    file = open(QUOTES_TO_DATE_FILE, 'a')


    s = '{0} {1}\n'.format(month, filename)

    file.write(s)
    file.close()

# Function to input quote from file where file name is not known
def inputQuoteFromFile1():

    filename = input('Enter name for input file: ')

    inputQuoteFromFile2(filename)


# Function to input quote from file when file IS known
def inputQuoteFromFile2(filename):

    file = open(filename, 'r')

    text = file.read()

    list1 = text.split()

    file.close()

# Process the data (ignore first item which is the month)
##declare 'quote' dict as global (this might mean this code is within function)
    global quote

    subDictionary = {'Length' : float(list1[1]), 'Width' : float(list1[2]), 'Cost' : float(list1[3]), 'Time' : float(list1[4])}

    quote['Lawn'] = subDictionary

    subDictionary = {'Length' : float(list1[5]), 'Width' : float(list1[6]), 'Cost' : float(list1[7]), 'Time' : float(list1[8])}

    quote['Patio'] = subDictionary

    subDictionary = {'Quantity' : float(list1[9]), 'Cost' : float(list1[10]), 'Time' : float(list1[11])}

    quote['Water Feature'] = subDictionary

    file.close()



# 'Menu options'

# Function to allow preperation of a new quote
def prepareANewQuote():
    itemInput()

    calculateItemCosts()

    workingCost()

    outputToFile()

# Function to load new material costs
def loadNewMaterialCosts():
    filename = input('Enter filename: ')

    file = open(filename, 'r')

    text = file.read()

    file.close()

    newMaterialCosts = text.split()

# Assign costs to material cost dictionary
    index = 0

    for key in materialCost.keys():

        materialCost['Key'] = float(newMaterialCosts['index'])

        index = index + 1

# Output new material costs # NOTE MAY NEED TO BE INDENTED FURTHER
    outputMaterialCostDictionary()
# Function to view and load existing quote
def viewExistingQuote():
    inputQuoteFromFile1()

    outputItems()

    workingCost()
# Function to generate monthly report summary
def monthlyReport():
    file = open(QUOTES_TO_DATE_FILE, 'r')

    text = file.read()

    file.close()

    quotes = text.split()

    month = input('Enter month: ')

    summary = {'Lawn':{'Quantity' : 0.0, 'Value' : 0.0}, 'Patio' :{'Quantity' : 0.0, 'Value' : 0.0}, 'Water Feature' :{'Quantity' : 0.0, 'Value' : 0.0}}
# Loop through quotes selecting those referencing the appropriate month and
#store the data in summary dictionary
    index = 0

    while True:

        if quotes[index] == month:

            inputQuotesFromFile2(quotes[index+1])    

            summary['Lawn']['Quantity'] = summary['Lawn']['Quantity'] + quote['Lawn']['Width'] * quote['Lawn']['Length']

            summary['Lawn']['Value'] = summary['Lawn']['Value'] + quote ['Lawn']['Cost']

            summary['Patio']['Quantity'] = summary['Patio']['Quantity'] + quote['Patio']['Width'] * quote['Patio']['Length']

            summary['Patio']['Value'] = summary['Patio']['Value'] + quote['Patio']['Cost']

            summary['Water Feature']['Quantity'] = summary['Water Feature']['Quantity'] + quote['Water Feature']['Quantity']

            summary['Water Feature']['Value'] = summary['Water Feature']['Value'] + quote['Water Feature']['Cost']

            index = index + 2

        if (index >= len(quotes)):

            break

        totalValue = summary['Lawn']['Value'] + summary['Patio']['Value'] + summary['Water Feature']['Value']

        outputSummaryDictionary(summary, month, totalValue)         



# 'Main' (initialisation)

# Top level function
def start():
    while True :

        print('Select one of following options')

        print('(1) Prepare new quote')

        print('(2) Load new cost data')

        print('(3) Load and view existing quote')

        print('(4) Generate monthly report summary')

        print('(5) Exit')

        selection = int(input())

        if selection == 1:

            prepareANewQuote()

        elif selection == 2:

            loadNewMaterialCosts()

        elif selection == 3:

            viewExistingQuote()

        elif selection == 4:

            monthlyReport()

        elif selection == 5:

            quit()

        else:

            print('Error unrecognised command')

# Start
start()

Answer 1

如果dayViews不等于index，

quotes[index]永远不会被修改，因此代码将一遍又一遍地检查相同的值，并且永远不会继续。

你应该将month的任务分配到一个级别。但实际上这不适合使用while循环;您应该使用index来迭代for：

quotes

（另请注意，此代码中有两个while循环;实际上远过多地使用全局。）