如何在TypeScript中使用动态对象属性

时间:2018-03-06 01:44:37

标签: javascript typescript types interface typescript2.0

我正在使用TypeScript,我需要处理动态对象属性。我希望我能成为TypeScript的高手,但我不是。我遇到的问题是,在我目前的项目中,我想让用户可以将自己的自定义界面输入到Generic界面。

我现在工作的是以下界面

export interface Filter {
  columnId: string;
  searchTerm: string;
}
export interface GridState {
  filters: Filter[];
}

// use it as an array of filters
const state: GridState = {
  filters: [{ columnId: 'firtName', searchTerm: 'John' }]
}

但是,从上面的内容可以看出,我想让用户可以使用他自己的界面。因此,我要说使用columnId代替field而不是searchTerm,而不是value。所以他的自定义界面将是

export interface CustomFilter {
  field: string;
  value: string;
}

我想向用户提供的是这样的定制结构模板

export interface FilterStruct {
  propNameColumnId: string;
  propNameSearchTerm: string;
}

但如何将2连接在一起?如何将用户CustomFilterFilterStruct一起使用。以下不起作用,我知道这不正确。

export interface GridState {
  filters: FilterStruct<CustomFilter>[];
}

最终目标是用户可以使用自己的界面和自己的属性名称输入。然后在我身边,我将使用提供的动态对象属性循环遍历数组。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您可以使GridState通用,并为通用参数提供默认值。 FilterStruct也可以继承Array,因此我们可以使用辅助函数为数组添加额外的属性:

export interface FilterStruct<T> extends Array<T> {
    // We make sure the property names are actually properties of T
    // We make these optional you should use default values if they are undefined 
    // We do this to keep initialization simple in the non customized scenario, you can make them mandatory, but then you can't initialize with a simple array
    propNameColumnId?: keyof T; 
    propNameSearchTerm?: keyof T;
}
export interface Filter {
    columnId: string;
    searchTerm: string;
}
export interface CustomFilter {
    field: string;
    value: string;
}
// T has a default value of Filter so we don't have to specify it, unless we want to customize
export interface GridState<T = Filter> {
    filters: FilterStruct<T>;
}
// Helper function to create an array with the extra properties
function createFilterStruct<T>(cfg: { propNameColumnId: keyof T; propNameSearchTerm: keyof T; }, items: T[]) {
    return Object.assign(items, cfg);
}

// Default we can use simple array initailization
const state: GridState = {
    filters: [{ columnId: 'firtName', searchTerm: 'John' }]
}

// Custom filter, create with createFilterStruct
const stateCustom: GridState<CustomFilter> = {
    filters: createFilterStruct({ propNameColumnId: 'value', propNameSearchTerm: 'field' }, [
        { value: 'firtName', field: 'John' }
    ])
}

//Usage
function loopThrough<T>(grid: GridState<T>){
    // Provide defaults for propNameColumnId and propNameSearchTerm
    let propNameColumnId = grid.filters.propNameColumnId || 'columnId' as keyof T
    let propNameSearchTerm = grid.filters.propNameSearchTerm || 'searchTerm' as keyof T

    // Loop throught the array normally, it is just an array
    for(let filter of grid.filters){
        // Access the properties
        console.log(`${filter[propNameColumnId]} = ${filter[propNameSearchTerm]}`);
    }
}

loopThrough(stateCustom);
loopThrough(state);