为什么python的subprocess.Popen()行为在将shell命令作为字符串和列表运行时是奇怪的?什么时候我们应该将shell命令作为字符串和列表传递?
>>> import subprocess
>>> p = subprocess.Popen('du -sh *', stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
>>> stdout, _ = p.communicate()
>>> print stdout[:1000]
244M bin
3.1M bmps
14M buildweb
10M contrib
4.0M gobuild
168K gobuild-starter-kit
468K gobuild-test
3.6M lib
46M machines
1.4M machineweb
75M microservices
1.4M monthly_maintenance
20K perforce
9.1M scheduler
196K service
2.5M statusweb
516K storage
228K symindex
7.2M webapps
>>> p = subprocess.Popen('du -sh *'.split(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
>>> stdout, _ = p.communicate()
>>> print stdout[:1000]
8 ./statusweb/infrastructure/management/commands
12 ./statusweb/infrastructure/management
16 ./statusweb/infrastructure
48 ./statusweb/statusweb/settings
56 ./statusweb/statusweb
164 ./statusweb/dashboard/migrations
8 ./statusweb/dashboard/tests/fixtures
64 ./statusweb/dashboard/tests
12 ./statusweb/dashboard/static/dashboard/img
12 ./statusweb/dashboard/static/dashboard/css
48 ./statusweb/dashboard/static/dashboard/js/status
12 ./statusweb/dashboard/static/dashboard/js/spec
72 ./statusweb/dashboard/static/dashboard/js
100 ./statusweb/dashboard/static/dashboard
104 ./statusweb/dashboard/static
36 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/dashboard/dust
32 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/dashboard/emails
88 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/dashboard
8 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/admin/dashboard/issue
8 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/admin/dashboard/maintenance
20 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/admin/dashboard
28 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/admin
8 ./statusweb/dashboard/templates/registra
答案 0 :(得分:0)
当您传入列表时,只将第一项视为命令。其余部分被视为用于运行命令的shell的参数。来自Python docs:
在POSIX上,shell = True,shell默认为/ bin / sh。如果args是 string,string指定通过shell执行的命令。 这意味着字符串必须完全按照原样进行格式化 在shell提示符下键入时。这包括,例如,引用或 反斜杠转义文件名,其中包含空格。如果args是 sequence,第一项指定命令字符串,以及任何 其他项目将被视为shell的附加参数 本身。也就是说,Popen相当于:
Popen(['/bin/sh', '-c', args[0], args[1], ...])