我正在使用Djnago Rest Framework为Android应用程序开发其余api。安卓人员告诉我，如果我能以一种通用格式提供回复会很好，比如
{
“Status”:””,
“Message”:””,
“Data”:[]
}
伙计们，这是正确的做法吗？如果是这样，如何实现这一目标？我的假设是使用中间件是一种选择。
提前致谢。
答案 0 :(得分：5)
如果您使用基于类的视图说<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>TodoList App</title>
<!-- bootstrap cdn -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- google fonts -->
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Righteous" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
/*variables*/
:root {
--righteous-font: 'Righteous', cursive;
}
body {
/*background-color: #536691;*/
background-image: url("http://pctechtips.org/apps/conf/img/Chicago-Wallpaper-3.jpg");
min-height: 100vh;
z-index: -10;
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
color: white;
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.hero {
position: absolute;
min-height: 100vh;
min-width: 100vw;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
background-color: rgba(31, 34, 118, 0.5);
}
h1 {
margin-top: 12rem;
margin-bottom: 0px;
padding-bottom: 0px;
font-family: var(--righteous-font);
}
.lead {
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-family: var(--righteous-font);
}
hr {
margin-top: 2rem;
border: 1px solid white;
display: none;
}
ul {
/*border-top: 2px solid white;*/
margin-top: 2rem;
list-style: none;
/*display: none;*/
}
li {
border-bottom: 1px solid white;
padding: 0.5rem 0 0.5rem 0;
margin: 0 1rem 0 1rem;
}
.checkboxes {
float: right;
line-height: 15px;
width: 17px;
height: 17px;
background-color: #e9ecef;
border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
border-radius: 3px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="hero">
<div class="container">
<h1 class="display-2 text-center">TodoList</h1>
<p class="lead text-center">Welcome to my todoList applications</p>
<div class="row">
<form id="form" class="col-8 mx-auto">
<div class="input-group">
<input id="input" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter todo list item" value="this is a todo list item for me todo">
<span>
<button id="btn" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</span>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="row">
<ul id="list" class="list col-8 mx-auto">
<!-- <li>this is a todo item <input type="checkbox" class="checkbox"></li>
<li>this is a todo item <input type="checkbox" class="checkbox"></li> -->
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- todolist app functionality -->
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function() {
// variables
var submitBtn = document.getElementById("btn");
var ul = document.getElementById("list");
var todoItem = document.getElementById("input");
var hr = document.getElementById("hr");
var id = 1;
//button event listener
submitBtn.addEventListener("click", addTodoItem);
//dynamically added checkbox event listener
$(document).on("click", ".checkboxes", function() {
var boxId = $(this).attr("id");
var num = boxId.split("-")[1];
console.log("checkbox: "+num);
// checkedItem(num);
var checkedLi = document.getElementById("li-"+num);
checkedLi.style.textDecoration = "line-through";
});
/* add todo items to list */
function addTodoItem() {
console.log(todoItem.value);
if(todoItem.value === "") {
alert("Enter some text!");
}
else {
if(ul.style.borderTop == "") {
ul.style.borderTop = "2px solid white";
}
var li = document.createElement("li");
li.id = "li-"+id
var text = document.createTextNode(todoItem.value);
var checkbox = document.createElement("input");
checkbox.id = "checkbox-"+id;
checkbox.className = "checkboxes";
checkbox.type = "checkbox";
li.appendChild(text);
li.appendChild(checkbox);
ul.appendChild(li);
id++;
}
//reset form
document.getElementById("form").reset();
}
/* check item completed */
function checkedItem(num) {
}
}
</script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>
或一般视图，编写您自己的响应函数将无济于事。我认为更好的方法是编写custom renderer用于格式化成功回复，并custom exception handler用于有错误的回复。此实现为您提供单点控制所有响应，而无需更改现有视图。这是我的一个项目的示例代码。您需要根据您的要求进行修改。
自定义渲染器
APIView自定义异常处理程序
#renderers.py
class CustomJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
response_data = {'message': '', 'errors': [], 'data': data, 'status': 'success'}
getattr(renderer_context.get('view').get_serializer().Meta,'resource_name', 'objects')
# call super to render the response
response = super(CustomJSONRenderer, self).render(response_data, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
return response
覆盖# custom_exception_handler.py
def custom_exception_handler(exc, context):
# Call REST framework's default exception handler first,
# to get the standard error response.
response = exception_handler(exc, context)
# Now add the HTTP status code to the response.
if response is not None:
errors = []
message = response.data.get('detail')
if not message:
for field, value in response.data.items():
errors.append("{} : {}".format(field, " ".join(value)))
response.data = {'data': [], 'message': 'Validation Error', 'errors': errors, 'status': 'failure'}
else:
response.data = {'data': [], 'message': message, 'error': [message], 'success': 'failure'}
return response
设置以使用这些渲染器和异常处理程序。
REST_FRAMEWORK答案 1 :(得分：1)
您可以为自定义的django rest响应编写函数并重用它。以下是您可以这样做的方式。
def custom_response(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, message='', data):
return Response(
{
"status": status_code,
"message": message,
"data": data
},
status=status.HTTP_200_OK
)
这样，请求的响应代码将始终为200，但您可以在status_code值中提供所需的代码。你可以这样使用它。
return custom_response(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK, message='Data saved successfully', data=my_serialized_data)
答案 2 :(得分：-1)
是实现共同回应的正确方法。
为此，您必须创建一个Generic类，其中一个常用于处理API响应时，您必须将不同列表作为API响应传递。
您的通用课程应如下所示。
public class Status<T> {
@SerializedName("Message")
@Expose
private String message;
@SerializedName("Status")
@Expose
private String status;
@SerializedName("Data")
@Expose
private T result;
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
public T getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(T result) {
this.result = result;
}
}