我在Matlab中使用操作系统命令来启动python脚本。所有这些工作都很好，直到最近，事实上我怀疑最近将Matlab升级到R2017b和Fedora升级到FC27。
事实：如果我在shell中启动脚本python，一切正常。但是如果我在Matlab中启动相同的脚本，则会引发一些ImportError异常：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1448, in __init__
from xml.parsers import expat
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/xml/parsers/expat.py", line 4, in <module>
from pyexpat import *
ImportError: /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: XML_SetHashSalt
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1451, in __init__
import pyexpat as expat
ImportError: /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: XML_SetHashSalt
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/data_1/IRM/amigo/src/IRMAGE_python_scripts/IRMAGE_report.py", line 1409, in <module>
outFormat = 'png')
File "/data_1/IRM/amigo/src/IRMAGE_python_modules/IRMAGE_reporting.py", line 1576, in plotPatVsRef
bookRef = xlrd.open_workbook(refFile)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xlrd/__init__.py", line 422, in open_workbook
ragged_rows=ragged_rows,
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xlrd/xlsx.py", line 784, in open_workbook_2007_xml
ensure_elementtree_imported(verbosity, logfile)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/xlrd/xlsx.py", line 48, in ensure_elementtree_imported
ET.iterparse(_dummy_stream)
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1217, in iterparse
pullparser = XMLPullParser(events=events, _parser=parser)
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1256, in __init__
self._parser = _parser or XMLParser(target=TreeBuilder())
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1454, in __init__
"No module named expat; use SimpleXMLTreeBuilder instead"
ImportError: No module named expat; use SimpleXMLTreeBuilder instead
我从昨天起就面临这个问题有点迷失了，我承认我没有新想法来解决这个问题......所有的想法，信息，对这个问题的帮助将非常受欢迎
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我只是想知道有关引发ImportError异常的/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so的共享对象依赖项！
在shell中：
% ldd /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd8f7c5000)
libexpat.so.1 => /lib64/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007ff82fae8000)
libpython3.6m.so.1.0 => /lib64/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 (0x00007ff82f588000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007ff82f369000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007ff82ef86000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007ff82ed82000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00007ff82eb7f000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007ff82e82a000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007ff82ff2c000)
在Matlab中：
! ldd /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload/pyexpat.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffeec596000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/glnxa64/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007fcd2931e000)
libpython3.6m.so.1.0 => /lib64/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 (0x00007fcd28dbe000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fcd28b9f000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fcd287bc000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fcd285b8000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fcd283b5000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007fcd28060000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fcd29758000)
因此很明显，问题来自于Matlab distrib（libexpat.so.1.5.0）中较旧的libexpat.so.1共享对象，而不是系统（libexpat.so.1.6）。 7）!!!：
% ls -l /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/glnxa64/libexpat.so*
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Feb 22 12:41 libexpat.so.1 -> libexpat.so.1.5.0
-r-xr-xr-x. 1 root root 182222 Jul 24 2017 libexpat.so.1.5.0
% ls -l /usr/lib64/libexpat.so*
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Nov 6 18:00 /usr/lib64/libexpat.so -> l ibexpat.so.1.6.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Nov 6 18:00 /usr/lib64/libexpat.so.1 -> libexpat.so.1.6.7
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 206000 Nov 6 18:00 /usr/lib64/libexpat.so.1.6.7
我通过将一个排除目录移动到Matlab distrib的共享对象来解决问题，强制使用系统中的一个!!!
# cd /usr/local/MATLAB/R2017b/bin/glnxa64
# mkdir exclude
# mv libexpat.so* exclude/
现在一切正常！
P.S。在Matlab和Fedora升级之后，我在Matlab上正确运行时遇到了一些其他问题，我在这里没有详细说明。但是如果有人在使用Matlab和FC26或FC27时遇到其他问题，我可以根据要求提供我所做的所有更改（所有这些都是关于Matlab发行版中太旧的共享对象!!!）