我正在开发一个小型项目,我将队列实现为循环数组。作为一项挑战,我被指派在实现此ADT时不使用任何列表函数,例如append。假设我只需要在队列满时重新调整队列大小。当我通过调试器运行我的代码并逐步执行它时,我发现问题围绕我的self.read值(读指针),这是有问题的全局变量。这对我来说很困惑,因为我受影响的函数都不会增加指针。有人能为我解释这个问题吗?
此类编码为:
class CircularQueue(object):
def __init__(self, capacity=2):
"""
Initialize the queue to be empty with a fixed capacity
:param capacity: Initial size of the queue
"""
self.capacity = capacity
self.size = 0
self.list = [0] * self.capacity
self.sum = 0
self.read = 0
self.write = 0
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.capacity == other.capacity
and self.size == other.size
and self.read == other.read
and self.write == other.write
def __str__(self):
if self.size == 0:
return "Queue is empty"
content = ""
while ((self.read + 1) % self.size) != self.write:
content = content + str(self.list[self.read]) + " -> "
self.read = (self.read + 1) % self.size
content = content[:-3]
return f"Contents: {content}"
__repr__ = __str__
我感兴趣的部分是我的入队和调整大小的功能:
def resize(self):
bigger = [None] * (self.capacity * 2) #create bigger queue
b_ind = 0
read_ptr = self.read
while read_ptr != (self.write + 1): #iterate through old queue to copy into new queue
bigger[b_ind] = self.list[read_ptr]
b_ind += 1
read_ptr += 1
self.capacity *= 2 #setting capacity
self.list = bigger #setting new list as queue
self.read = 0 #normalize queue
self.write = b_ind
def enqueue(self, number):
if self.size == 0: #if queue was originally empty
self.list[self.read] = number
self.write += 1
else:
self.list[self.write] = number #add onto end of queue
if ((self.write + 1) % self.capacity == self.read): #resize if queue loops back and the write pointer is the same as the read pointer
self.resize()
else:
self.write = (self.write + 1) % self.capacity #set write pointer
self.sum += number #add to sum
self.size += 1 # increment size
这是我为我的代码运行的测试用例:
queue = CircularQueue()
queue.enqueue(23)
queue.enqueue(42)
queue.enqueue(2)
queue.enqueue(195)
print(queue)
答案 0 :(得分:1)
在打印时,您会改变队列的状态。 print()
调用__str__
,该方法会改变您的状态:
self.read = (self.read + 1) % self.size
使用局部变量而不是self.read
:
def __str__(self):
if self.size == 0:
return "Queue is empty"
content = ""
read = self.read
while (read % self.capacity) != self.write:
if content:
content += ' -> '
content += str(self.list[read])
read = (read + 1) % self.capacity
return f"Contents: {content}"
注意while
循环条件;你想看看当前读取位置是否与write
位置不同(意味着你可以显示当前值),而不是下一个位置,并且你想要绕回容量。
如果至少已将一个条目添加到content
,我会稍微调整您的分隔符处理以仅在值之间添加箭头,这样可以避免再次删除部分。
使用固定__str__
方法进行演示(未进行其他更改):
>>> queue = CircularQueue()
>>> print(queue)
Queue is empty
>>> queue.enqueue(23)
>>> print(queue)
Contents: 23
>>> queue.enqueue(42)
>>> print(queue)
Contents: 23 -> 42
>>> queue.enqueue(2)
>>> print(queue)
Contents: 23 -> 42 -> 2
>>> queue.enqueue(195)
>>> print(queue)
Contents: 23 -> 42 -> 2 -> 195