Question

我是.Net 4.0的任务的新手，我无法找到我认为基于任务的替换或实现Timer的内容，例如定期任务。有这样的事吗？

的更新 的我想出了我认为是我的需求的解决方案，即将“计时器”功能包装在具有子任务的任务中，所有这些都利用了CancellationToken并返回任务以便能够参与进一步的任务步骤。

public static Task StartPeriodicTask(Action action, int intervalInMilliseconds, int delayInMilliseconds, CancellationToken cancelToken)
{ 
    Action wrapperAction = () =>
    {
        if (cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested) { return; }

        action();
    };

    Action mainAction = () =>
    {
        TaskCreationOptions attachedToParent = TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent;

        if (cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested) { return; }

        if (delayInMilliseconds > 0)
            Thread.Sleep(delayInMilliseconds);

        while (true)
        {
            if (cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested) { break; }

            Task.Factory.StartNew(wrapperAction, cancelToken, attachedToParent, TaskScheduler.Current);

            if (cancelToken.IsCancellationRequested || intervalInMilliseconds == Timeout.Infinite) { break; }

            Thread.Sleep(intervalInMilliseconds);
        }
    };

    return Task.Factory.StartNew(mainAction, cancelToken);
}

Answer 1

这取决于4.5，但这有效。

public class PeriodicTask
{
    public static async Task Run(Action action, TimeSpan period, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        while(!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            await Task.Delay(period, cancellationToken);

            if (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                action();
        }
     }

     public static Task Run(Action action, TimeSpan period)
     { 
         return Run(action, period, CancellationToken.None);
     }
}

显然你可以添加一个带参数的泛型版本。这实际上类似于其他建议的方法，因为在引擎盖下Task.Delay使用计时器到期作为任务完成源。

Answer 2

<强>更新我marking the answer below作为“答案”，因为现在我们应该使用async / await模式了。不需要再投票了。 LOL

正如Amy回答的那样，没有基于任务的定期/计时器实现。但是，根据我原来的UPDATE，我们已经将它演变成非常有用且经过生产测试的东西。以为我会分享：

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApplication7
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Task perdiodicTask = PeriodicTaskFactory.Start(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now);
            }, intervalInMilliseconds: 2000, // fire every two seconds...
               maxIterations: 10);           // for a total of 10 iterations...

            perdiodicTask.ContinueWith(_ =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Finished!");
            }).Wait();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Factory class to create a periodic Task to simulate a <see cref="System.Threading.Timer"/> using <see cref="Task">Tasks.</see>
    /// </summary>
    public static class PeriodicTaskFactory
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Starts the periodic task.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="action">The action.</param>
        /// <param name="intervalInMilliseconds">The interval in milliseconds.</param>
        /// <param name="delayInMilliseconds">The delay in milliseconds, i.e. how long it waits to kick off the timer.</param>
        /// <param name="duration">The duration.
        /// <example>If the duration is set to 10 seconds, the maximum time this task is allowed to run is 10 seconds.</example></param>
        /// <param name="maxIterations">The max iterations.</param>
        /// <param name="synchronous">if set to <c>true</c> executes each period in a blocking fashion and each periodic execution of the task
        /// is included in the total duration of the Task.</param>
        /// <param name="cancelToken">The cancel token.</param>
        /// <param name="periodicTaskCreationOptions"><see cref="TaskCreationOptions"/> used to create the task for executing the <see cref="Action"/>.</param>
        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/></returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Exceptions that occur in the <paramref name="action"/> need to be handled in the action itself. These exceptions will not be 
        /// bubbled up to the periodic task.
        /// </remarks>
        public static Task Start(Action action,
                                 int intervalInMilliseconds = Timeout.Infinite,
                                 int delayInMilliseconds = 0,
                                 int duration = Timeout.Infinite,
                                 int maxIterations = -1,
                                 bool synchronous = false,
                                 CancellationToken cancelToken = new CancellationToken(),
                                 TaskCreationOptions periodicTaskCreationOptions = TaskCreationOptions.None)
        {
            Stopwatch stopWatch = new Stopwatch();
            Action wrapperAction = () =>
            {
                CheckIfCancelled(cancelToken);
                action();
            };

            Action mainAction = () =>
            {
                MainPeriodicTaskAction(intervalInMilliseconds, delayInMilliseconds, duration, maxIterations, cancelToken, stopWatch, synchronous, wrapperAction, periodicTaskCreationOptions);
            };

            return Task.Factory.StartNew(mainAction, cancelToken, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning, TaskScheduler.Current);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Mains the periodic task action.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="intervalInMilliseconds">The interval in milliseconds.</param>
        /// <param name="delayInMilliseconds">The delay in milliseconds.</param>
        /// <param name="duration">The duration.</param>
        /// <param name="maxIterations">The max iterations.</param>
        /// <param name="cancelToken">The cancel token.</param>
        /// <param name="stopWatch">The stop watch.</param>
        /// <param name="synchronous">if set to <c>true</c> executes each period in a blocking fashion and each periodic execution of the task
        /// is included in the total duration of the Task.</param>
        /// <param name="wrapperAction">The wrapper action.</param>
        /// <param name="periodicTaskCreationOptions"><see cref="TaskCreationOptions"/> used to create a sub task for executing the <see cref="Action"/>.</param>
        private static void MainPeriodicTaskAction(int intervalInMilliseconds,
                                                   int delayInMilliseconds,
                                                   int duration,
                                                   int maxIterations,
                                                   CancellationToken cancelToken,
                                                   Stopwatch stopWatch,
                                                   bool synchronous,
                                                   Action wrapperAction,
                                                   TaskCreationOptions periodicTaskCreationOptions)
        {
            TaskCreationOptions subTaskCreationOptions = TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent | periodicTaskCreationOptions;

            CheckIfCancelled(cancelToken);

            if (delayInMilliseconds > 0)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(delayInMilliseconds);
            }

            if (maxIterations == 0) { return; }

            int iteration = 0;

            ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
            // using a ManualResetEventSlim as it is more efficient in small intervals.
            // In the case where longer intervals are used, it will automatically use 
            // a standard WaitHandle....
            // see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/5hbefs30(v=vs.100).aspx
            using (ManualResetEventSlim periodResetEvent = new ManualResetEventSlim(false))
            {
                ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                // Main periodic logic. Basically loop through this block
                // executing the action
                while (true)
                {
                    CheckIfCancelled(cancelToken);

                    Task subTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(wrapperAction, cancelToken, subTaskCreationOptions, TaskScheduler.Current);

                    if (synchronous)
                    {
                        stopWatch.Start();
                        try
                        {
                            subTask.Wait(cancelToken);
                        }
                        catch { /* do not let an errant subtask to kill the periodic task...*/ }
                        stopWatch.Stop();
                    }

                    // use the same Timeout setting as the System.Threading.Timer, infinite timeout will execute only one iteration.
                    if (intervalInMilliseconds == Timeout.Infinite) { break; }

                    iteration++;

                    if (maxIterations > 0 && iteration >= maxIterations) { break; }

                    try
                    {
                        stopWatch.Start();
                        periodResetEvent.Wait(intervalInMilliseconds, cancelToken);
                        stopWatch.Stop();
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        periodResetEvent.Reset();
                    }

                    CheckIfCancelled(cancelToken);

                    if (duration > 0 && stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds >= duration) { break; }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Checks if cancelled.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cancelToken">The cancel token.</param>
        private static void CheckIfCancelled(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            if (cancellationToken == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("cancellationToken");

            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        }
    }
}

输出：

2/18/2013 4:17:13 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:15 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:17 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:19 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:21 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:23 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:25 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:27 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:29 PM
2/18/2013 4:17:31 PM
Finished!
Press any key to continue . . .

Answer 3

它不完全在System.Threading.Tasks，但是来自Reactive Extensions库的Observable.Timer（或更简单的Observable.Interval）可能就是您正在寻找的。

Answer 4

到目前为止，我使用LongRunning TPL任务进行循环CPU绑定后台工作而不是线程计时器，因为：

TPL任务支持取消
线程计时器可以在程序关闭时启动另一个线程，从而导致处理资源可能出现问题
溢出的可能性：线程计时器可以启动另一个线程，而前一个线程仍在处理，因为意外的长时间工作（我知道，它可以通过停止并重新启动计时器来防止）

但是，TPL解决方案始终声称专用线程在等待下一个操作（大多数时间）时不需要。我想使用建议的Jeff解决方案在后台执行CPU绑定循环工作，因为它只需要一个线程池线程，当有工作要做时，这对于可伸缩性更好（特别是当间隔时间很长时）。

为实现这一目标，我建议进行4次调整：

将ConfigureAwait(false)添加到Task.Delay()以在线程池线程上执行doWork操作，否则将在调用线程上执行doWork，这不是并行
通过抛出TaskCanceledException（仍然需要？）
将CancellationToken转发至doWork以使其取消任务
添加object类型的参数以提供任务状态信息（如TPL任务）

关于第2点我不确定，async await是否还需要TaskCanceledExecption，还是最佳做法？

    public static async Task Run(Action<object, CancellationToken> doWork, object taskState, TimeSpan period, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        do
        {
            await Task.Delay(period, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
            doWork(taskState, cancellationToken);
        }
        while (true);
    }

请对拟议的解决方案发表意见......

更新2016-8-30

上述解决方案不会立即调用doWork()，而是以await Task.Delay().ConfigureAwait(false)开头，以实现doWork()的线程切换。下面的解决方案通过将第一个doWork()调用包装在Task.Run()中并等待它来克服此问题。

以下是Threading.Timer的改进的async \ await替换，它执行可取消的循环工作并且可伸缩（与TPL解决方案相比），因为它在等待下一个操作时不占用任何线程。

请注意，与Timer相反，等待时间（period）是恒定的，而不是循环时间;周期时间是等待时间和doWork()的持续时间的总和，可以变化。

    public static async Task Run(Action<object, CancellationToken> doWork, object taskState, TimeSpan period, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        await Task.Run(() => doWork(taskState, cancellationToken), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
        do
        {
            await Task.Delay(period, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
            doWork(taskState, cancellationToken);
        }
        while (true);
    }

Answer 5

我遇到了类似的问题并编写了一个TaskTimer类，它返回一系列在计时器上完成的任务：https://github.com/ikriv/tasktimer/。

using (var timer = new TaskTimer(1000).Start())
{
    // Call DoStuff() every second
    foreach (var task in timer)
    {
        await task;
        DoStuff();
    }
}

Answer 6

I needed to trigger the recurring asynchronous tasks from a synchronous method.

public static class PeriodicTask
{
    public static async Task Run(
        Func<Task> action,
        TimeSpan period,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
    {
        while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {

            Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();

            if (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                await action();

            stopwatch.Stop();

            await Task.Delay(period - stopwatch.Elapsed, cancellationToken);
        }
    }
}

This is an adaption of Jeff's answer. It is changed to take in a Func<Task> It also makes sure that the period is how often it is run by deducting the task's run time from the period for the next delay.

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        PeriodicTask
            .Run(GetSomething, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3))
            .GetAwaiter()
            .GetResult();
    }

    static async Task GetSomething()
    {
        await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
        Console.WriteLine($"Hi {DateTime.UtcNow}");
    }
}

Answer 7

static class Helper
{
    public async static Task ExecuteInterval(Action execute, int millisecond, IWorker worker)
    {
        while (worker.Worked)
        {
            execute();

            await Task.Delay(millisecond);
        }
    }
}


interface IWorker
{
    bool Worked { get; }
}

简单...

是否有基于任务的System.Threading.Timer替换？

7 个答案: