Question

diceGame.py（下面）中的python代码包含我们在课堂上讨论过的骰子游戏的python实现。假设我们运行代码N次并根据A出现的次数除以N来估计某个事件A，P r {A}的概率。然后我们重复这个过程M次收集概率pi，i = 1 ，。。。，M。假设两个骰子都是公平的，使用N = 10,100,1000和M = 100修改diceGame.py的主程序，以获得以下概率：

在第一个骰子上赢得比赛的概率。

如果第一次掷骰得分为4，则赢得比赛的概率。

赢得比赛的概率。

游戏需要超过5个骰子的概率。

我知道所有这些答案都可以通过代码本身轻松提供。我的问题是我不知道如何编辑python代码来提供这些所需的输出。

以下是代码：

# ===============================
# IMPORTS RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR
# ===============================
import random

# ================================================================
# GENERATES RANDOMLY THE SUM OF TWO INTEGERS IN THE [1,6] INTERVAL
# ================================================================
def rollDices():
  return int(random.randint(1,6) + random.randint(1,6))

# ================================================
# RETURN THE OUTCOME STRING GIVEN AN INTEGER STATE
# ================================================
def getOutcome(outcome):  
  if(outcome == 0):
    result = "Lost at first roll."
  elif(outcome == 1):
    result = "Won at first roll."
  elif(outcome == 2):
    result = "Won on [4,5,6,8,9,10]"
  elif(outcome == 3):
    result = "Lost on [4,5,6,8,9,10]"
  return result

# ==============
# PLAYS THE GAME
# ==============
def playGame():

  # Define Variables
  gameFinished = False
  wonGame = False
  totRolls = 0

  while (not(gameFinished)):

    # ROLL DICES
    totScore = rollDices()
    totRolls += 1;

    # GAME IS LOST
    if(totScore in [2,3,12]):
      gameFinished = True
      wonGame = False
      return 0,wonGame,totRolls,totScore

    # GAME IS WON
    if(totScore in [7,11]):
      gameFinished = True
      wonGame = True
      return 1,wonGame,totRolls,totScore

    # JUST CONTINUE PLAYING
    if(totScore in [4,5,6,8,9,10]):      

      # REPEAT UNTIL YOU FIND THE SCORE AGAIN OR 7
      newScore = 0
      while((newScore != totScore)and(newScore != 7)):

        newScore = rollDices()
        totRolls += 1;

        # CHECK IF YOU WIN OR LOOSE
        if(newScore == totScore):
          gameFinished = True
          wonGame = True
          return 2,wonGame,totRolls,totScore

        if(newScore == 7):
          gameFinished = True
          wonGame = False
          return 3,wonGame,totRolls,totScore

# ============
# MAIN PROGRAM
# ============
if __name__ == "__main__":

  intVal,wonGame,numRolls,lastScore = playGame()

  print("Outcome: %s" % (getOutcome(intVal)))
  if(wonGame):
    print("You have won the game.")
  else:
    print("You have lost the game.")
  print("Total rolls needed for this game: %d" % (numRolls))
  print("Last outcome: %d" % (lastScore))

我尝试解决问题时的新主要功能：

if __name__ == "__main__":
    m = 100
    n = 10
    FRwins = 0
    for i in range(m):
        for j in range(n):
            intVal,wonGame,numRolls,lastScore = playGame()
            if getOutcome(intVal) == 1:
                FRwins += 1
        FRwins = FRwins/float(n)
        print(FRwins)

Answer 1

目前这个节目正在玩游戏一次。如果你查看最后10行代码，那就是你想要调整的代码。重要的是这个：

intVal,wonGame,numRolls,lastScore = playGame()

它只被调用一次，所以你只能得到一个结果。由于您需要进行蒙特卡罗模拟（即反复播放和跟踪概率），您只需要多次重播此行，并每次跟踪结果。

从那里，您需要设置一些for循环，例如：

for i in range(m):

并跟踪每次模拟的结果。由于你正在使用m和n，你需要围绕你的playGame（）的嵌套循环。然后你只需要计算结果，然后除以获得概率的总尝试次数。

希望这很有帮助。随意提出进一步的问题 - 我试图保持足够的一般性，以至于我实际上并没有为你的家庭作业编写代码！

蒙特卡洛的一个先前存在的计划

1 个答案: